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- 2023
- Working Paper
Coordinated R&D Programs and the Creation of New Industries
By: Daniel P. Gross and Maria P. Roche
Government R&D programs have a long history in supporting industry development, yet their impacts are often overlooked in strategy research. We examine how a large, coordinated, government-funded effort to develop radar in World War II spawned a new high-tech industry....
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations and Performance
By: Justine Boudou and Maria Roche
Possessing unique knowledge is widely considered a critical source of competitive advantage. In this paper, we assess whether new ventures that exploit their founders’ technologically unique knowledge perform better on the exit market than those that do not (or only...
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- September 2023
- Teaching Note
Accelerating AI Adoption in the U.S. Air Force
By: Maria P. Roche
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 723-429.
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Keywords:
AI;
＂USA,＂;
Military;
Strategy;
Innovation;
Economic Growth;
Organizational Design;
Technology
- 2023
- Working Paper
Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program
By: Annamaria Conti, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman and Maria P. Roche
Open source is key to innovation, but we know little about how to incentivize
it. In this paper, we examine the impact of a program providing monetary
incentives to motivate innovators to contribute to open source. The Sponsors
program was introduced by GitHub in...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Learning to Use: Stack Overflow and Technology Adoption
By: Daniel Jay Brown and Maria P. Roche
In this paper, we examine the potential impact of Q&A websites on the adoption of technologies.
Using data from Stack Overflow – one of the most popular Q&A websites worldwide
– and implementing an instrumental-variable approach, we find that users whose questions...
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- March 2023
- Case
Accelerating AI Adoption in the U.S. Air Force
By: Maria P. Roche and Alexander Farrow
In August 2022, the Pentagon tasked U.S. Air Force Captain Victor Lopez to launch a new office for AFWERX, an Air Force innovation unit that leveraged commercial developers and military talent to acquire advanced technologies. This task was particularly arduous because...
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- March, 2023
- Article
Academic Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Advisors and Their Advisees' Outcomes
By: Maria P. Roche
The transfer of complex knowledge and skills is difficult, often requiring intensive interaction and extensive periods of co-working between a mentor and mentee, which is particularly true in apprenticeship-like settings and on-the-job training. This paper studies a...
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- December 2022 (Revised December 2022)
- Module Note
What is the Game? Understanding the Environment
By: Maria P. Roche
As a strategist, one of your main tasks is to size up the external environment of your organization in its entirety. In this module, you will learn basic concepts and tools that will allow you to better understand the environment in which your organization operates.
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- November 2022
- Teaching Note
Walmart USA—Searching for Growth
By: Maria P. Roche
This teaching note is the companion to case 722-395 Walmart USA – Searching for Growth.
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- November 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group
By: Maria P. Roche, Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez and Amy Klopfenstein
This case describes the efforts of City Football Group (CFG) to purchase Esporte Clube Bahia (Bahia), a Brazilian professional soccer club. CFG’s strategy was to acquire under-performing clubs worldwide, invest money in high-profile players, and improve the teams’...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Business Conglomerates;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Organizations;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Sports;
Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Sports Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
England;
South America;
Brazil
- 2023
- Working Paper
You've Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Performance
By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
We analyze the impact of the U.S. Postal Service's expansion in the late 1800s on entrepreneurship and firm performance. Exploiting novel data constructed from digitized archives on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road network...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
The Ties That No Longer Bind: Inventor Mobility and Patent Litigation
By: Daniel Jay Brown and Maria Roche
The retention of inventor-employees represents a core strategic concern for firms in innovative industries. In this paper, we examine the impact of reduced patent enforceability on the mobility of inventor-employees and explore the related influence on firms’...
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- March 2022
- Background Note
Assets, Capabilities, and Other Resources
By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Maria Roche
- February 9, 2022
- Article
What's the Optimal Workplace for Your Organization?
By: Maria P. Roche and Andy Wu
More than two years in the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are struggling with how to reimagine their workspaces for their strategic needs. Too often, leaders push the decision down the road when, in fact, taking decisive action now can pay off later. But how do you...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub
By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria Roche
We study the participation of nascent firms in open source communities and its implications for attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source development platform GitHub. In a matched sample...
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- July–August 2021
- Article
Lowering the Bar? External Conditions, Opportunity Costs, and High-Tech Startup Outcomes
By: Annamaria Conti and Maria P. Roche
We assess the heterogeneous impact of economic downturns on individuals’ decisions to bring high-technology ideas to the market in the form of new ventures. We thereby examine how worsening labor market conditions influence individuals’ opportunity costs of starting...
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- December 2020
- Article
Different Founders, Different Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Academic and Non-academic Startups
By: Maria P. Roche, Annamaria Conti and Frank T. Rothaermel
What role do differences in founders' occupational backgrounds play in new venture performance? Analyzing a novel dataset of 2,998 founders creating 1,723 innovative startups in biomedicine, we find that the likelihood and hazard of achieving a liquidity event are...
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- December 2020
- Article
Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation
By: Maria P. Roche
In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all Census Block Groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes,...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
(Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Knowledge Spillovers and Social Interactions
By: Maria P. Roche, Alexander Oettl and Christian Catalini
We examine the influence of physical proximity on between-firm knowledge spillovers at one of the largest technology co-working hubs in the United States. Relying on the random assignment of office space to the hub's 251 startups, we find that proximity positively...
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