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  • All HBS Web  (119,670)
    • Faculty Publications  (98)

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    • All HBS Web  (119,670)
      • Faculty Publications  (98)

      Nagle, FrankRemove Nagle, Frank →

      Page 1 of 98 Results →
      • May 2025
      • Article

      Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda

      By: Frank Nagle, Robert Seamans and Steve Tadelis
      Transaction cost economics theory explains when it is more efficient for a transaction between two parties to occur across the market or within an organization. How does transaction cost economics apply in the digital economy, which relies on digital transactions? In... View Details
      Keywords: Transaction Cost Economics; Digital Economy; Economics; Cost; Markets; Research; Digital Transformation
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      Nagle, Frank, Robert Seamans, and Steve Tadelis. "Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda." Strategic Organization 23, no. 2 (May 2025): 351–365.
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Note

      AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup

      By: Frank Nagle and Susan Pinckney
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 724-444. In 2024, AI agent startup company AGENTS.inc faced multiple strategic decisions that could shape the company’s ability to grow into the future AI agent market leader. View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Competition; Computer Industry; Technology Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Nagle, Frank, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-353, January 2025.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      FedEx Cyberattack (A): Navigating the NotPetya Storm

      By: Hise Gibson, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
      In 2017, FedEx’s European division — acquired the year before for $5 billion — was hit by a devastating cyberattack that destroyed thousands of computers and business systems across several countries. Corporate Chief Information Officer Rob Carter put the company’s... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Crisis Management; Disruption; Planning; Transportation Industry; United States; Europe
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      Gibson, Hise, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "FedEx Cyberattack (A): Navigating the NotPetya Storm." Harvard Business School Case 625-049, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      FedEx Cyberattack (B): Reflections and Lessons

      By: Hise Gibson, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
      Set in 2024, this (B) case provides an update to the (A) case (no. 625-049) about a devastating cyberattack that destroyed thousands of computers and business systems at FedEx’s European division in 2017. It describes lessons learned and changes made in the wake of the... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Disruption; Crisis Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Europe
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      Gibson, Hise, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "FedEx Cyberattack (B): Reflections and Lessons ." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-059, November 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI and the Nature of Work

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
      Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Igniting Innovation: Evidence from PyTorch on Technology Control in Open Collaboration

      By: Daniel Yue and Frank Nagle
      Many companies offer free access to their technology to encourage outside addon innovation, hoping to later profit by raising prices or harnessing the power of the crowd while continuing to steer the direction of innovation. They can achieve this balance by opening... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Power and Influence; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Corporate Governance
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      Yue, Daniel, and Frank Nagle. "Igniting Innovation: Evidence from PyTorch on Technology Control in Open Collaboration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-013, September 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

      By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
      This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Resource Allocation; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank, and Maria P. Roche. "CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-452, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST

      By: Frank Nagle and David Lane
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 723-357 & 723-368. View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Corporate Disclosure; Crisis Management; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Nagle, Frank, and David Lane. "SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-368, March 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Module Note

      Collaborate on the Core, Compete on the Edges

      By: Frank Nagle
      In the rapidly evolving environment of modern business, the digitization of economic activity and the ubiquitous integration of technology across industries are fundamentally altering how companies develop and implement strategy. The rise of digital technologies has... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Adoption; Competition; Cooperation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Nagle, Frank. "Collaborate on the Core, Compete on the Edges." Harvard Business School Module Note 724-453, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Does “Matter” Matter? Amazon and Open Standards in the Smart Home Industry

      By: Frank Nagle
      In early 2023, the smart home industry stood at a pivotal juncture. The recent launch of “Matter” version 1.0, an ambitious interoperability standard developed by the Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA), promised to unify a fragmented market plagued by incompatible... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Resource Allocation; Standards; Business Strategy
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      Nagle, Frank. "Does “Matter” Matter? Amazon and Open Standards in the Smart Home Industry." Harvard Business School Case 724-431, February 2024.
      • February 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup

      By: Frank Nagle, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein and Susan Pinckney
      The case describes the history of AGENTS.inc. Despite being a small startup, with only four employees, that had never had a funding round, the company boasted an impressive client portfolio including multiple Fortune 500 companies. While AGENTS.inc had been an early... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Small Business; Transformation; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Platforms; Technological Innovation; Copyright; Management; Growth and Development; Market Timing; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Computer Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Nagle, Frank, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Case 724-444, February 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      How does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? To address this question, we analyze novel data matching accounts from GitHub—the largest OSS hosting platform—to the universe of global software venture-backed firms... View Details
      Keywords: Applications and Software; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Human Capital; Valuation; Corporate Strategy
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Open Source Software

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Frank Nagle and Yanuo Zhou
      The value of a non-pecuniary (free) product is inherently difficult to assess. A pervasive example is open source software (OSS), a global public good that plays a vital role in the economy and is foundational for most technology we use today. However, it is... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Frank Nagle, and Yanuo Zhou. "The Value of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-038, January 2024.
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Copilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

      By: Frank Nagle, Shane Greenstein, Maria P. Roche, Nataliya Langburd Wright and Sarah Mehta
      This case tells the story of Microsoft’s 2018 acquisition of GitHub and the subsequent launch of GitHub Copilot, a tool that uses generative artificial intelligence to suggest snippets of code to software developers in real time. Set in late 2021, when Copilot was... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Product Launch; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; California
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      Nagle, Frank, Shane Greenstein, Maria P. Roche, Nataliya Langburd Wright, and Sarah Mehta. "Copilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Case 624-010, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Business Ventures; Development Economics; Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship." Art. 104846. Research Policy 52, no. 9 (November 2023).
      • September 2023
      • Technical Note

      Free and Open Source Software and Hardware

      By: Frank Nagle
      This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Information Technology; Business Model; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Free and Open Source Software and Hardware." Harvard Business School Technical Note 724-380, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things

      By: Frank Nagle
      Teaching Note for HBS Case 722-414. View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Expansion; Information Technology; Health Industry; Information Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-381, September 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks

      By: Shelley Xin Li, Frank Nagle and Aner Zhou
      Organization-level networks facilitate the flow of information and business activities in the economy. Prior research relies solely on high-level connections to measure these networks. Therefore, to understand the role of employee connections at all job levels in... View Details
      Keywords: Networks; Value; Social and Collaborative Networks; Innovation and Invention; Knowledge Sharing; Employees; Social Media
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      Li, Shelley Xin, Frank Nagle, and Aner Zhou. "Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-010, August 2023.
      • August 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems

      By: Frank Nagle, Elizabeth J. Altman and Kumba Sennaar
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      Nagle, Frank, Elizabeth J. Altman, and Kumba Sennaar. "Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-363, August 2023.
      • October 2022 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (A)

      By: Frank Nagle, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr and David Lane
      On December 12, 2020, SolarWinds learned that malware had been inserted in its software, potentially granting hackers access to thousands and thousands of its 300,000 customers. General Counsel Jason Bliss needed to orchestrate the company response without knowing how... View Details
      Keywords: Cyberattacks; Cybersecurity; Corporate Disclosure; Crisis Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Legal Liability; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (A)." Harvard Business School Case 723-357, October 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
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