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  • March 2024 (Revised July 2024)
  • Case

H2 Green Steel: A Clean-Tech Triple Play?
By: Debora L. Spar, Gunnar Trumbull, Henry Tao and Julia Comeau
At the end of 2023, the Swedish startup H2 Green Steel was mid-way through construction on an integrated steel plant in Northern Sweden that would use abundant local hydro power to create Europe’s first commercial-scale green steel. Their goal was to help European...  View Details
Keywords: Steel; Green Business; Green Technology; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Business Startups; Climate Change; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Steel Industry; Sweden
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  • January 2024
  • Case

TSMC and CHIPS
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
Keywords: Semiconductor Industry; Arizona; Taiwan
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  • January 2024
  • Case

U.S. Policy and Battery Supply Chains
By: Debora L. Spar, Julia Comeau and Amram Migdal
Keywords: Battery Industry; United States
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  • January 2024
  • Technical Note

The ICARUS Principles: What It Takes to Tackle the World
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
Over the course of the 20th century, most of the world’s major multinational corporations framed their mission around Milton Friedman’s famous mantra: that the sole purpose of the firm is to maximize its shareholders’ profits. Recently, however, growing numbers of...  View Details
Keywords: Purpose; Mission; Social Business; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; For-Profit Firms
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  • December 2023 (Revised August 2024)
  • Case

Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI
By: Paul M. Healy and Debora L. Spar
In November of 2022, the small tech company OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot which quickly captured the public’s imagination—becoming the world’s fastest-growing consumer application within months of its release. Though observers from across...  View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Ethics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technology Adoption; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Technology Industry; United States; European Union; China
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  • November 2023 (Revised July 2024)
  • Case

'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (A)
By: Debora L. Spar, Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta and Julia M. Comeau
Since 1834, eight generations of the Ayala family have used their conglomerate to fund nation-building projects in the Philippines, including investments in tramcars, telecommunications, hospitals, and schools. In 1997, Ayala’s subsidiary, Manila Water, took control of...  View Details
Keywords: Family Business; Economic Growth; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Natural Resources; Crisis Management; Failure; Privatization; Social Issues; Urban Development; Adaptation; Public Opinion; Mission and Purpose; Utilities Industry; Asia; Philippines
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  • November 2023
  • Supplement

'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (B)
By: Debora L. Spar, Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta and Julia Comeau
Since 1834, eight generations of the Ayala family have used their conglomerate to fund nation-building projects in the Philippines, including investments in tramcars, telecommunications, hospitals, and schools. In 1997, Ayala’s subsidiary, Manila Water, took control of...  View Details
Keywords: Family Business; Economic Growth; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Natural Resources; Crisis Management; Failure; Privatization; Social Issues; Urban Development; Adaptation; Infrastructure; Utilities Industry; Philippines
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Taiwan after Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial policies, and it has become one of the richest...  View Details
Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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  • August 2023 (Revised October 2023)
  • Case

Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023
By: Debora Spar, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Ruth Costas
Chile, often considered among Latin America's greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As...  View Details
Keywords: Government Administration; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Public Opinion; Equality and Inequality; Public Administration Industry; Chile; Latin America; South America
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  • March 2023
  • Supplement

Halftime for Heidelberg
By: Debora L. Spar
The case follows President Rob Huntington as he seeks to find a viable way forward for Heidelberg University.
Located in Tiffin, Ohio, Heidelberg is a small, private, four-year university. As with many similar institutions of higher education, it currently faces...  View Details
Keywords: University; University Administration; University Endowment; Endowments; Brand Management; Higher Education; Strategic Planning; Brands and Branding; Education Industry; Ohio; United States
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  • March 2023
  • Teaching Note

The Almost Nearly Perfect People: Sweden's Utopia at a Crossroads
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-046.  View Details
Keywords: Sweden; Europe
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  • March 2023
  • Teaching Note

Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-030.  View Details
Keywords: Vaccination; Healthcare; Hub And Spoke; Health Industry; South Africa; Africa
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  • March 2023
  • Teaching Note

Northvolt: Building Batteries to Fight Climate Change
By: Debora L. Spar, George Serafeim and Julia Comeau
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-042.  View Details
Keywords: Batteries; Green Technology; Social Responsibility; Green Technology Industry; Sweden; Europe
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  • March 2023 (Revised November 2023)
  • Module Note

The Social Purpose of the Firm
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
The Social Purpose of the Firm (SPF) is a short module designed to explore how, and under what circumstances, business leaders can harness the power of capitalism and markets to “make a difference in the world” – that is, to address a significant societal problem as a...  View Details
Keywords: Social Accounting; Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Enterprise; Mission and Purpose; United States; Sweden; Kenya; Netherlands
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  • November 2022 (Revised March 2024)
  • Case

Northvolt: Building Batteries to Fight Climate Change
By: George Serafeim, Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
In 2016, Swedish entrepreneurs Carl-Erik Lagercrantz and Peter Carlsson founded an electric battery company called Northvolt with the dual goals of creating a company to address climate change and bringing battery manufacture to Europe. Northvolt, which succeeded in...  View Details
Keywords: Batteries; Climate Change; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Green Technology; Mission and Purpose; Goals and Objectives; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Green Technology Industry; Battery Industry; Sweden; Europe
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  • November 2022
  • Case

'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings
By: Caroline M. Elkins, Debora L. Spar, Zeke Gillman and Julia M. Comeau
Keywords: Bank; Income Inequality; Banking; Micro Finance; Microcredit; Africa; Kenya
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  • November 2022 (Revised April 2024)
  • Case

Martine Rothblatt and United Therapeutics: A Series of Implausible Dreams
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
In 1990, satellite expert and Sirius XM founder Martine Rothblatt was determined to save the life of her seven-year-old daughter, Jenesis, who was diagnosed with a terminal illness called Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). At the time, there was little medication...  View Details
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Technological And Scientific Innovation; Organ Donation; Health Care and Treatment; Health Disorders; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; United States; District of Columbia
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  • October 2022
  • Case

Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
The majority of vaccines used on the continent of Africa (99%) are produced offshore. This makes African nations reliant on the West for major health care needs, a problem which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Afrigen Biologics (in partnership with the WHO)...  View Details
Keywords: Vaccination; Vaccine; mRNA; COVID; COVID-19; Inequity; Hub-and-spoke; Health Care and Treatment; Health Pandemics; Production; Social Issues; Business and Government Relations; South Africa; Africa
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  • July 2022
  • Case

General Mills: Responding to the Killing of George Floyd (A)
By: Debora L. Spar and Alicia Dadlani
Jeff Harmening, CEO of General Mills, one of the world's largest manufacturers of breakfast cereals and packaged foods, was deeply disturbed and instantly aware that he and General Mills would need to respond. George Floyd, an African-American man who had been accused...  View Details
Keywords: Race; Decisions; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Minneapolis; Minnesota; United States
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  • July 2022
  • Supplement

General Mills: Responding to the Killing of George Floyd (B)
By: Debora L. Spar and Alicia Dadlani
Jeff Harmening, CEO of General Mills, one of the world's largest manufacturers of breakfast cereals and packaged foods, was deeply disturbed and instantly aware that he and General Mills would need to respond. George Floyd, an African-American man who had been accused...  View Details
Keywords: Race; Decisions; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Consumer Products Industry; Minneapolis; Minnesota; United States
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