Benjamin C. Esty

Benjamin Esty is the Roy and Elizabeth Simmons Professor of Business Administration.  He designed and currently teaches an elective course called Strategies for Value Creation in the second year of the MBA program which serves as a capstone course by integrating financial, strategic, and leadership issues. Over the years, he has taught a variety of courses including advanced corporate finance, strategy, and project finance. The project finance course, called Large-Scale Investment (LSI), analyzed how firms structure, value, finance, and negotiate large capital investments. He also teaches in a variety of executive education programs and served as the founding faculty chairman of the General Management Program (GMP), a comprehensive leadership program designed to create outstanding business leaders that now has more than 3,300 graduates. He served as the faculty chairman for the Summer Venture in Management Program, a management training program for underrepresented minority students, for 14 years and was the Head of the Finance Unit (department) from 2009-14. He has received the Student Association Award for teaching excellence multiple times, the Charles M. Williams Award for contributions to student learning, the Apgar Award for teaching innovations, and the Greenhill Award for outstanding service to the school (twice). The more recent Greenhill Award recognized his leadership of the Conflicts of Interest Task Force, a committee responsible for writing policies governing the faculty's outside activities, and his service as the School's de facto co-Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) from 2011-14.

His current research focuses on topics at the intersection of corporate finance and corporate strategy with a particular interest on how firms make major strategic decisions with value as an important, but by no means only, criterion. His articles have been published in a variety of academic and practitioner-oriented journals. In addition, he has written more than 175 case studies, technical notes, and teaching notes on corporate finance, corporate strategy, leadership, mergers and acquisitions, and valuation issues. Collectively, HBS Publishing has sold more than 1.9 million copies of his cases and notes, 39 of them are now or have been classified as HBS "bestsellers", and seven have been classified as "classic" cases. The case studies and notes on project finance are contained in a book entitled Modern Project Finance: A Casebook (Wiley).  Formerly, he was an associate editor of the Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), Journal of Money, Credit & Banking (JMCB), Emerging Markets Review (EMR), Financial Management (FM), Journal of Financial Services Research (JFSR), and Journal of Project Finance (JPF).

In addition to his academic research, Professor Esty has served as a consultant to and led training programs for companies and organizations around the world. He has served as an expert witness and consultant for litigation involving project finance, corporate finance, and complex valuation issues.  He currently serves as a director and the chairman of the Audit & Risk Committee for Raymond James Financial, Inc. (NYSE: RJF), a diversified financial services holding company and a member of both the Fortune 500 List and the S&P 500 Index.  He also serves on the board and chairs the Audit & Risk Committee of Harvard Business Publishing, a $280 million not-for-profit education company; on the advisory board of Gemline, a supplier of high-quality promotional products; and is a member of the Finance & Investment Committee of the New England Deaconess Association, a not-for-profit continuing care retirement community founded in 1889. Formerly, he was an independent trustee for the Eaton Vance family of mutual funds and a director of the Harvard University Employees Credit Union (HUECU).

Professor Esty received his Ph.D. in Business Economics with a concentration in finance from Harvard University; his MBA with high distinction (Baker Scholar) from Harvard Business School; and his BA degree in Economics with honors and distinction from Stanford University.

Featured Work

Best-selling and New Cases by Ben Esty

Best-Selling (MOST POPULAR) Cases:  

  1) Buffett's Bid for Media General (HBS #213-142)
     > Valuing decline, Disruption, TV growth rates, Financial distress
  2) Generating Higher Value at IBM (HBS #215-058)
     > Payout policy, LT earnings guidance, driving corp. change
  3) Tempur Sealy International (HBS #717-501)
      > Buyer vs. supplier bargaining power, dynamics, value capture
  4) The a2 Milk Company (HBS #719-424)
      > Compet. adv., mkt. attractiveness, judo strategy, disruption
  5) Sandlands Vineyards (HBS #718-438)
      > Assess mkt attractiveness & comp. advantage, sustainability
  6) Supply Chain Finance at P&G—US/Brazil (HBS #216-039)
     > Modern working capital mgmt, supply chains, banking, fin. strategy
  7) Canadian Pacific's Bid for NSC Corp--Canada (HBS #216-057)
     > DCF valuation, valuing synergies, contingent payments
  8) Molycorp (A): Financing Rare Earth Minerals (HBS #214-054)
     > Merger contracts, DCF valuation, Financial crisis, Synergy value
  9) Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A, HBS #218-095)
     > Financial strategy, financing growth, DCF valuation, convertible debt
10) De Beers: Diamond Reselling Opportunity (HBS #717-430)
     > Strategy execution, scope choices, durable vs consumable goods
  

  New M&A Cases: 

  1) Competing Bids for Anadarko Petroleum (HBS #220-087)
      > Review case: valuation, capital structure, M&A, corp. governance
      > Bidding wars, valuing & financing acquisition offers
  2) Canadian Pacific's Bid for NSC Corp.—Canada (HBS #216-057)
     > Comprehensive case—bridging valuation gaps, agency conflicts
     > DCF Valuation, contingent value rights, synergy value, activist investor
  3) Bega Cheese: Bringing Vegemite Home—Australia (HBS #218-001)
     > Linking strategy and finance, valuation roadmap & mechanics
     > Value drivers, corporate scope, iconic brands
  4) Buffett's Bid for Media General (HBS #213-142)
     > Forecasting cash flows, terminal values, and TV growth rates
     > Valuing decline, disruption, costs of financial distress
   5) Dow's Bid for Rohm & Haas (HBS #211-020)
      > Writing merger contracts, legal terms, risk allocation
      > DCF valuation, Impact of the financial crisis, synergy value
   6) Impax Labs: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (HBS #220-030)
      > EPS accretion analysis & value relevance, Value drivers
      > Competing and sustaining advantage in generic pharmaceuticals
   7) Bayer: Bidding for Merck's OTC Division—Germany (HBS #217-021)
      > Forecasting and valuing synergies in horizontal mergers
      > Bidding strategy, negotiations, corporate strategy, DCF valuation
   8) Whirlpool: The Deal for Hefei Sanyo—China (HBS #216-019)
      > Entering China (acquiring a Chinese SOE)
      > Gaining political, commercial & regulatory approval
   9) OldTown Berhad—Malaysia (HBS #218-058)
      > Valuing an acquisition offer in 3 ways: DCF, multiples, & price premia 
   

New CORPORATE FINANCE Cases: 

  1) Generating Higher Value at IBM (HBS #215-058)
      > Payout policy, LT earnings guidance, driving change, leadership
  2) Supply Chain Finance at P&G—US/Brazil (HBS #216-039)
      > Modern working capital mgmt, supply chains, banking, fin. Strategy
  3) FANUC's Financial & Governance Policies—Japan (HBS #216-042)
      > Japanese corporate governance and macroeconomic growth policies
  4) Hapag-Lloyd: Complying w/IMO 2020—Germany (HBS #220-003)
      > Environ. regulation, evaluating options & addressing uncertainty
  5) Molycorp A: Financing Rare Earth Minerals (HBS #214-054)
      > Financial strategy, financing growth, DCF valuation, convertible debt
  6) Thomas Cook Group on the Brink—United Kingdom (HBS #215-008)
      > Leadership, restructuring, change mgmt, fin. strategy, taking over
  7) Unidentified Industries: Australia 2014 (HBS #216-014)
      > Overview of financial ratios, intro. to financial statement analysis

New VALUATION Cases:

  1) Eaton: Portfolio Transformation and Cost of Capital (HBS #221-006)
      > WACC theory & estimation, divisional vs corporate WACC, divestment
      > Abridged version (no appendix w/WACC derivation, HBS #221-070)
      > Note on WACC: Derivation, Intuition, & Applications (HBS #221-106)
  2) Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A, HBS #218-095)
      > DCF valuation, analysts—affiliation bias, terminal value, IPO anomalies
  3) Valuing Celgene's CVR (HBS #221-031)
      > Incorporating sytematic & diversifiable risks in DCF, CVR motivations  
  4) United Technologies: Are the Parts > the Whole? (HBS #220-018)
      > Corporate strategy, conglomerate discount, and activist investors
      > Sum-of-the-parts valuation, capital allocation & internal capital mkts
  5) Compass Maritime Services (HBS #211-014)
    > Valuation during the fin. crisis, regressions analysis, comparables
  6) VHSS: Valuing Ships (Germany) (HBS #210-058)
    > Compare mark-to-mkt (comparables) vs mark-to-model (DCF)
    > Contagion during the fin. crisis; Fire sales, bubbles, & asset prices

New STRATEGY Cases:

  1) The a2 Milk Company—Australia & NZ (HBS #719-424)
      > Creating compet. advantage, Assessing market attractiveness
      > Selling technology products vs. the underlying IP
      > Judo strategy for mkt entry; Incumbent's barriers to response
  2) Sandlands Vineyards (HBS #718-438)
      > Assess market attractiveness & competitive advantage,
      > Sustainability of advantage, vertical integration
  3) Bespoken Spirits: Disrupting Distilling (HBS #721-419)
      > Disruption, product vs. tech. business models, cost/dual advantage 
  4) Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy (HBS #221-062)
      > Achieving & losing competitive adv.; Strategy formulation & execution
  5) Astralis: Determining a Brand Strategy--Denmark (HBS #721-382)
      > Brand strategy (single vs multi), esports, emerging ecosystem
  6) De Beers:  Diamond Reselling Opportunity (HBS #717-430)
      > Strategy execution, cust. value, corporate scope, secondary mkt
  7) De Beers:  Lightbox for Lab-Grown Diamonds (#719-408)
      > Strategy execution, disruption, commoditization, differentiation
  8) Tempur Sealy International (HBS #717-501)
      > Buyer vs. supplier bargaining power, dynamics, value capture
  9) MoviePass: The "Get Big Fast" Strategy (#719-455)
      > Profit vs. growth, racing for customers, value of data
  10) Gillette: Cutting Prices to Gain Share (HBS #720-378)
      > Price wars; Calculating & using price elasticities of demand
      > Product positioning; vertical differentiation
  11) Navistar-PACCAR (HBS #717-452)
      > Est. customer value, value/premium adv., scope, strategic choices
  12) TransDigm in 2017 (HBS #720-422) 
      > Value creation vs capture, bargaining power, business ethics
      > Creating and sustaining competitive advantage
 13) TransDigm: Acquiring & Integrating Arkwin (HBS #720-467)
      > Value drivers, value-based pricing, limit pricing, M&A integration
 14) TransDigm: The Acquisition of Aerosonic (HBS #720-480)
      > M&A negotiations, merger agreements, valuation analysis

 New GOVERNANCE Cases: Shareholder vs. Stakeholder Governance

  1) Airbnb: Stakeholder Capitalism Faces a Test (HBS #221-050)
      > Crisis mgmt-Pandemic, balancing stakeholder interests, platforms
  2) Airbnb: Stakeholder Governance Lessons (B Case, HBS #222-003)
      > Balancing interests across stakeholders & over time; actions taken
  3) Danone: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (A Case, HBS #722-354)
      > Draft case: balancing people, purpose, and profit
      > Corporate governance and France's new "Entreprise a Mission" 

The a2 Milk Company

HBS Case #719-424

The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow’s milk--cows naturally produce two types of beta casein proteins (A1 and A2). Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and that protein may be related to a variety of other health problems (e.g., diabetes and heart disease), a2MC sold dairy products containing only the A2 protein. In sold primarily milk and infant formula in Australia and China.  With sales of NZ$730 million in 2017 and a desire to grow, a2MC formed a strategic relationship with Fonterra, the world’s sixth largest dairy company, in February 2018. But one month later, Nestle, the world’s largest dairy company, confirmed that it had begun selling its own A2 infant formula in China and people speculated that it would start selling A2 products in Australia and New Zealand later in the year. a2MC’s retiring CEO Geoffrey Babidge and newly appointed CEO Jayne Hrdlicka must decide how to respond to Nestle’s entry. Can this successful entrant become a successful incumbent with a sustainable competitive advantage?

Sandlands Vineyards

HBS Case #718-438

Approximately 80% of the 9,000 wineries in the US breakeven or lose money. An even greater percentage, perhaps 90-95%, lose money on an economic basis (i.e., after a charge for the capital employed).  Tegan Passalacqua is a Californian winemaker who appears to have defied the odds.  He specializes in making “old vine” wine (i.e., wine from vines that are at least 60 and up to 100+ years old).  By day, he is the head winemaker at Turley Wine Cellars, a leading producer of Zinfandel most of which are produced from grapes grown on old vines. In his spare time, however, he runs his own winery called Sandlands which makes premium wines using forgotten, yet classic grape varieties such as Carignane, Mataro, and Chenin Blanc. The challenge is to understand why he has succeeded to date and if that performance will persist into the future.  The case is set in December 2017, as Passalacqua and his wife were deciding whether to buy a building and develop it into a winery at a cost of up to $500,000.  Because they already own an old-vine vineyard (the Kirschenmann Vineyard in Lodi, CA), and have limited financial resources, they must decide whether to develop the winery or save their funds to buy another vineyard.

Eaton Corp.: Portfolio Transformation and the Cost of Capital

HBS Case #221-006

In 2000, Eaton Corporation was broadly diversified industrial conglomerate.  But its strategy was evolving and its focus was narrowing around “power management” and more recently on “intelligent power,” the use of digitally enabled products and services designed to enhance efficiency and reliability. To implement this transition, Eaton had acquired more than 70 companies and divested another 50. Such active portfolio management required Eaton to regularly assess the prospects of each business unit—the profit and growth potential—and to explore opportunities to enhance its capabilities through acquisitions. In January 2020, Eaton got an offer from Danfoss, a Danish conglomerate, to buy its hydraulics business for $3.3 billion.  Recently appointed CEO Craig Arnold must decide whether this deal makes sense strategically and financially. In particular, he must decide if $3.3 billion is a fair price for the firm’s hydraulics business.

This short case shows how firms can use discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to make important strategic decisions. The case helps students understand the intuition underlying and the mechanics for calculating a firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) at both the corporate and divisional levels. An Appendix explains and derives the formulas for the WACC; case data allows students to calculate it.  There is an abridged version of the case (HBS #221-070) that does not contain the appendix; the appendix also exists as a standalone note (HBS #221-106).

Airbnb During the Pandemic--Stakeholder Capitalism Faces a Critical Test

As the covid pandemic spread in early 2020, global travel ground to a halt. For Airbnb, the San Francisco-based platform for renting accommodations, the impact was both swift and severe as revenues plummeted more than 70% over the prior year. Responding to the sudden downturn was a challenge for CEO Brian Chesky and his leadership team because the firm had a adopted a stakeholder model with five key constituents: guests (renters), hosts (landlords), employees, communities and shareholders. While all five groups could benefit in the long-term if the firm succeeded, it was less clear how they should balance the potentially conflicting demands in the short-term particularly given the mounting losses. As one of the first Silicon Valley "unicorns" to have adopted a stakeholder business model, the world would be watching to see what they did, how they did it, and why.
     This case has two pedagogical objectives. First, it explores one firm's attempt to create and implement a stakeholder business model. Second, the case analyzes decision making during a crisis. Would the stakeholder model hinder operations at a critical time or would it provide an advantage that increased the probability of survival?

TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or The End of the Beginning?

HBS Case #720-422

TransDigm, an incredibly successful yet relatively unknown company, manufactures a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts utilizing a somewhat controversial strategy. In the 10 years following its IPO in March 2006, its stock price increased by more than ten times, and both its revenues and non-GAAP EBITDA had grown at compound annual rates in excess of 20% for more than 20 years. But in early 2017, government officials, a major investor, and a major customer had begun to question the implementation, sustainability, and ethics of the firm’s strategy. That strategy combined acquisition-driven growth (i.e., a “roll-up”) with operations emphasizing three value drivers:  value-based pricing, cost reductions, and new product development. With the firm’s stock price down 30% off its recent high, TransDigm CEO Nick Howley must decide whether to respond to the rising level of criticism and, if so, how. In the longer term, he has to decide whether to change the firm’s “value-focused strategy.” If he were going to change the firm's proven operating strategy, what aspects should he change and how should he justify the changes to his loyal shareholder base?

Tempur Sealy International

HBS Case #717-502

This case explores the long-term relationship between Tempur Sealy (TPX, a mattress manufacturer) and Mattress Firm (MFRM, a bedding retailer and TPX’s largest customer).  For almost 20 years, the firms have enjoyed a mutually beneficial and commercially prosperous relationship. Yet in August 2016, Steinhoff (a large, South African retailer) made an offer to acquire MFRM.  Whether this acquisition will affect the symbiotic relationship that had existed between TPX and MFRM was the subject of intense speculation.  This case provides a deep dive into the dynamic interaction between a buyer and seller to illustrate two of Porter’s “Five Forces.”  In particular, it defines the concepts of buyer (customer) and supplier power, illustrates how power gets expressed in a commercial relationship, and explores how and why the balance of power can change over time.  It challenges students to address a fundamental managerial decision in most commercial relationships:  when is it appropriate to collaborate in a symbiotic relationship to create value, and when is it appropriate to compete in an attempt to capture value?

 

Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period

HBS Case #218-095

Snap, the disappearing message app, went public at $17 per share on March 2, 2017, making its two 20-something founders the youngest self-made billionaires in the country. Over the next three weeks, 14 analysts make investment recommendations on Snap: two with buy recommendations, six with holds, and six with sells. When the “IPO quiet period” expired three weeks later, 16 more analysts—who worked at firms that were underwriters for the IPO—issued recommendations: 10 with buy and six with hold recommendations, with price targets ranging from $21 to $31 compared to a current market price of $23. Elizabeth Kemp, the portfolio managers of a long-only, technology fund at Sand Hill Road Capital, had bought 500,000 shares at the IPO and had to decide whether to harvest her gain or to double down and buy more shares. 

This short (4 pages of text) case is designed: 1) to teach DCF valuation and illustrate the challenges of valuing young, rapidly growing technology firms; 2) to highlight the differences between affiliated and unaffiliated analysts—are the affiliated ones more informed or more conflicted; 3) to illustrate how valuation is done in practice and raise questions about current practice (e.g., are DCF models used to predict or to justify particular equity values); and 4) to provide a forum in which to discuss IPO anomalies such as underpricing.

The De Beers Group: Exploring the Diamond Reselling Opportunity

HBS Case #217-430

In September 2014, Tom Montgomery (SVP of Strategic Initiatives at the De Beers Group) and his team launched a pilot program in the United States to explore the opportunity to sell pre-owned (recycled) diamonds--current sales were estimated to be approximately $1 billion per year. According to Montgomery, the motivation for the pilot program was to improve the consumer reselling experience and to enhance “diamond equity.” Somewhat paradoxically, consumers often received very low prices when they tried to sell diamonds (5-30% of the original retail price) leaving them reluctant to purchase diamonds in the future and making them into ambassadors of ill will.  At a meeting scheduled for November 2015, the De Beers Executive Committee would have to decide whether to end the pilot program, extend it for another year to gather more information, or convert it into a new standalone business unit. Because De Beers had historically focused on producing rough diamonds (the “upstream” business), yet the new business unit offered an opportunity to sell polished diamonds (the “downstream” business), the decision was particularly noteworthy.

See also The DeBeers Group:  Launching Lightbox Jewelry for Lab-Grown Diamonds (HBS #719-408) which describes the firm's decision to address the growing demand for lab-grown (synthetic) diamonds.

Bespoken Spirits: Disrupting Distilling

HBS Case #721-419

On October 7, 2020, Bespoken Spirits publicly announced it had received $2.6 million of seed funding for its “sustainable maturation process,” a process that could produce award-winning whiskeys in just days rather than years using a novel technology and data science. The technology dramatically reduced the time, cost, and environmental impact of making whiskey (it required less energy, space, and wood). At the same time, the technology could also be used to enhance a whiskey’s taste profile (aroma, color, and taste) which could allow distillers to charge more for their products. To date, entrepreneurs Stu Aaron and Martin Janousek had proven they could produce whiskey at scale and with desired properties. Having validated the concept, they now had to decide whether to continue making whiskey themselves or use their technology to process whiskey for others. In short, they had to decide whether to be a product-based, B2C company or a technology-based, B2B company, or both? If they decided to be a technology business, should they emphasis the Maturation-as-a-Service (MaaS, faster and lower cost production) or the Customization-as-a-Service (CaaS, creation of customized/bespoken products with unique taste profiles) business in the short term?

This short case has four objectives. First, it illustrates how new technologies can dramatically change industry economics. Second, it shows how a novel technology can create a competitive advantage by reducing input costs, improving quality, or both. Third, it forces students to confront a common, yet difficult decision of whether to become a product-based or a technology-based company. As part of that assessment, students must consider both the nature and sustainability of the advantage as well as the investment cost, risk, and feasibility of each strategic option.

 

 

MoviePass: The "Get Big Fast" Strategy

HBS #719-455

In August 2017, MoviePass dramatically lowered its monthly subscription price from $50 to just $10 for up to one movie per day. The idea was to rapidly scale the business to the point where it could generate incremental revenue streams from related businesses (e.g., a share of ticket and concession revenues from theaters, advertising revenue from movie studios; and revenue from ride-sharing companies). Within two days, Moviepass had gotten 150k new subscribers; within six months, it had more than 2 million. But as of February 2018, the company faced three challenges: theaters were resisting the concept, investors were shorting the stock in record numbers as losses mounted, and competiting services were beginning to appear. Could CEO Lowe convince investors that the company was viable and it could, indeed, monetize its growing subscriber base? At the same time, Lowe had to decide whether to raise subscription prices to cover the growing losses or keep prices low to grow the subscriber base as quickly as possible.

Generating Higher Value at IBM

HBS Case #215-058

This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam Palmisano's created, announced, and then regularly updated a long-term financial "roadmap" as part of the firm's strategic transformation. The roadmap showed both a destination (a target EPS number) and a detailed path to that destination in terms of revenue growth, margin expansion, and share repurchases. After successfully achieving its first roadmap, the firm announced a second 5-year roadmap known as the "2015 EPS roadmap". The case is set in May 2014, just after IBM's annual investor briefing. Despite more than 10 years of strong financial performance, IBM reported relatively weak financial results in the first quarter of 2014. Sophia Johnson, an equity analyst, must decide whether to revise her investment recommendation based on what she heard that day.

Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble

HBS Case #216039

In April 2013, Procter & Gamble (P&G), the world's largest consumer packaged goods (CPG) company, announced that it would extend its payment terms to suppliers by 30 days. At the same time, P&G announced a new supply chain financing (SCF) program giving suppliers the ability to receive discounted payments for their P&G receivables. Fibria Celulose, a Brazilian supplier of kraft pulp, joined the program in 2013, but was re-evaluating the costs and benefits of participating in the SCF program in the summer of 2015. The firm's treasury group and its US country manager must decide whether to keep using the program and, if so, whether to keep their existing SCF banking relationship or start a new relationship with another global SCF bank.

Gillette: Cutting Prices to Regain Share

HBS Case #720-378

After losing market share to low-priced competitors such as Harry’s and Dollar Shave Club for several years, Gillette fought back by launching new products and increasing advertising. When those efforts failed to stem the losses, Gillette decided to cut the prices on its razors and blades in April 2017. Bonnie Herzog, an equity analyst at Wells Fargo, must assess how the recently announced price cuts are likely to affect Gillette’s earnings and its parent company’s earnings (Procter & Gamble owns Gillette). As part of her analysis, Herzog must estimate the price elasticity of demand for Gillette’s razors and blades. The case contains scanner data which allows students to calculate both price elasticities for a sample of Gillette products, and sufficient data to estimate the financial impact.
This case explores the economic impact of a dramatic price cut and the wisdom of starting a price war with significantly smaller rivals offering lower-priced products. It was designed to teach students how to estimate price elasticities of demand, to draw inferences based on those estimates (i.e., how the price cut will affect sales and profitability), and to critique the estimation process (i.e., what might affect the validity of the estimates, etc.). 

Canadian Pacific's Bid for Norfolk Southern (Railroads)

HBS Case #216-057

Following weeks of speculation about a possible bid, Canadian Pacific (CP) made an unsolicited bid for Norfolk Southern (NS) on November 17, 2015. Norfolk Southern swiftly rejected the offer as well as a second offer made shortly thereafter.  Canadian Pacific then made a third offer on December 16^th, in conjunction with activist investor William Ackman of Pershing Square, incorporating a “contingent value right” (CVR) security as part of the merger consideration.  As part of the offer, the bidders described the potential for substantial “pre-merger operational improvements” and “post-merger combination synergies” to justify the merger. Facing a complex offer and little time, NS CEO James Squires quickly needed to prepare his recommendation to the board of directors regarding whether to accept the offer or not.  In either case, he needed to provide an explanation for his decision.

Hapag-Lloyd: Complying with IMO 2020

HBS #220-003

A new environmental regulation known as IMO 2020 was creating what one industry analyst called "the biggest shakeup for the oil and shipping industries in decades." According to the new regulation, all ocean-going ships would have to limit their sulfur emissions by January 1, 2020. Senior leaders at Hapag-Lloyd, one of the world's largest shipping companies, were evaluating three ways their ships could comply with the new regulation: use low sulfur fuel, use high-sulfur fuel but install scrubbers to clean the exhaust, or convert ships to use liquid natural gas (LNG) as fuel. Each of the options had its advantages and disadvantages, and the most attractive option depended on not only the values of key parameters (e.g., future fuel prices and equipment costs), but also the strategies adopted by the owners of the other 60,000 ocean-going ships subject to the regulation.

This case explores the economic impact of a major new environmental regulation. It illustrates how discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis can be used to inform a critical business decision, and how the key inputs to a financial model and the preferred compliance option depended on what competing firms choose to do. The challenge of the case is to wrestle with, but not get paralyzed by, various sources of uncertainty in a high-stakes managerial decision.

Buffett's Bid for Media General's Newspapers

HBS Case #213-142

On May 12, 2012, Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway announced an offer to buy Media General’s (MEG) newspaper division for $142 million in cash and, under a separate agreement, provide debt financing to the struggling firm.  Reactions from investors and industry analysts varied greatly:  one called it a “great surprise”, another wondered if Buffett was investing with his heart rather than his head (he was a paperboy as a child), and a third said it was a “feat of financial engineering.”  Virtually all of them wondered what the “Oracle of Omaha” saw in the declining U.S. newspaper industry that others did not.  The question facing Media General’s CEO Marshall Morton was whether to accept the offer or not.  As the head of a highly leveraged company whose revenues had fallen 31% in the past four years, whose stock price was down more than 90% off its high, and whose falling profitability left it perilously close to violating key debt covenants, he had to move quickly.

FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies

HBS Case #216-042

In February 2015, Daniel Loeb (a US-based activist investor) announced his firm had a large investment in FANUC Corporation, a leading producer of industrial robots and software for machine tools.  Loeb was demanding that the Japanese firm change its financial and governance policies (e.g., distribute more cash, fix its “illogical” capital structure, and provide more information to shareholders).  FANUC’s CEO, Yoshiharu Inaba, and his board must decide if and how to respond. One the one hand, the firm had been very successful having built leading global market shares in each of its core divisions and profitability that exceeded what Goldman Sachs earned on a per person basis.  On the other hand, the Japanese government was calling for financial and governance reform as part of the prime minister’s recently-announced economic growth strategy known as “Abenomics”.  Although Inaba and his team had previously considered many of the proposed changes, the question was whether it was now time to actually make some of the changes.

Thomas Cook on the Brink

HBS Case #214075

Harriett Green faced a daunting set of business and financial challenges as the newly appointed CEO of Thomas Cook Group, the 171-year old UK travel services company.  The company had lost almost £600 million in the last three quarters and its stock price had fallen from 230 pence to a low of 8.8p in the past two years.  In just a few weeks, the United Kingdom’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) would review the company’s license to operate, competitors were publicly questioning the company’s viability in advertisements, and seasonal demands for working capital were about to peak.  With the company’s survival at stake, Green had to devise a turnaround plan that would not only return the company to financial health and stability but also ensure long term sustainability.  The turnaround plan had to address the company’s high cost structure, raise substantial new capital, fix the over-leveraged balance sheet, create a profitable growth strategy, and build a more effective organization and culture.  But achieving these financial and strategic objectives within the short time available was going to be a major challenge.  The turnaround challenge is to figure out what to do and in what order.

Modern Project Finance: A Casebook

Written as a guide to the dynamic and increasingly important field of project finance, this casebook provides detailed descriptions and analysis of 20 project-financed transactions. Other books describe what project finance is and how it works.  In this book, Benjamin Esty, of the Harvard Business School, brings his expertise to a collection of cases and notes that analyze how firms structure, value, and finance large capital investments.  Modern Project Finance not only serves as a valuable reference manual for experienced project finance professionals, it also provides an effective introduction to the practice of project finance for lawyers, bankers, government officials, and financial managers as well as students and educators.

Books

• Esty, Benjamin C. Modern Project Finance Teaching Notes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. Modern Project Finance: A Casebook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003. View Details

Journal Articles

• Esty, B. C. "Petrozuata: A Case Study on the Effective Use of Project Finance." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 12, no. 3 (fall 1999): 26–42. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Why Study Large Projects? An Introduction to Research on Project Finance." European Financial Management 10, no. 2 (June 2004): 213–224. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and William L. Megginson. "Creditor Rights, Enforcement, and Debt Ownership Structure: Evidence from the Global Syndicated Loan Market." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 38, no. 1 (March 2003): 37–59. View Details
• Esty, B. C., and Irina L. Christov. "Recent Trends in Project Finance: A 5-Year Perspective." 10th Anniversary Issue Project Finance International, no. 249 (September 18, 2002): 74–82. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Returns on Project-Financed Investments: Evolution and Managerial Implications." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 15, no. 1 (spring 2002): 71–86. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "The Information Content of Litigation Participation Securities: The Case of CalFed Bancorp." Journal of Financial Economics 60, nos. 2-3 (May 2001): 371–399. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Structuring Loan Syndicates: A Case Study of the Hong Kong Disneyland Project Loan." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 14, no. 3 (fall 2001): 80–95. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "What Determines Comparability When Valuing Firms with Multiples." Journal of Financial Education 26 (fall 2000): 24–33. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "The Equate Project: An Introduction to Islamic Project Finance." Journal of Project Finance 5, no. 4 (winter 2000): 7–20. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Improved Techniques for Valuing Large-Scale Projects." Journal of Project Finance 5, no. 1 (spring 1999): 9–25. View Details
• Esty, B. C., Bhanu Narasimhan, and Peter Tufano. "Interest-Rate Exposure and Bank Mergers." Journal of Banking & Finance 23, nos. 2-4 (February 1999): 255–285. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "The Impact of Contingent Liability on Commercial Bank Risk Taking." Journal of Financial Economics 47, no. 2 (February 1998): 189–218. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Organizational Form and Risk Taking in the Savings and Loan Industry." Journal of Financial Economics 44, no. 1 (April 1997): 25–55. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "A Case Study of Organizational Form and Risk Shifting in Savings and Loan Industry." Journal of Financial Economics 44, no. 1 (April 1997): 57–76. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "South Shore Bank: Is It the Model of Success for Community Development Banks?" Psychology & Marketing 12, no. 8 (1995): 789–819. View Details
• Esty, B. C., P. Tufano, and J. Headley. "Banc One Corporation: Asset and Liability Management." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7, no. 3 (fall 1994): 33–51. View Details
• Esty, B. C., and P. Tufano. "Commentaries on Banc One's Hedging Strategy." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7, no. 3 (fall 1994): 63–65. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Republic N.Y.'s Bid for Green Point Holds Lessons on S&L Conversions." American Banker (January 12, 1994): 6 and 17. View Details

Book Chapters

• Esty, B. C. "Project Finance." Chap. D4 of Handbook of Modern Finance, edited by James Seward and Dennis Logue. New York: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, 2004. View Details
• Esty, B. C. Comment on "Restructuring Bank Regulation." Restructuring Regulation and Financial Institutions, edited by J. R. Barth, R. D. Brumbaugh, and G. Yago, 79–84. Santa Monica, CA: Milken Institute Press, 2000. View Details
• Baldwin, C. Y., and B. C. Esty. "Lessons from the Thrift Crisis." Chap. 2 in Financial Services: Perspectives and Challenges, edited by Samuel L. Hayes III, 35–64. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1993. View Details

Working Papers

• Esty, Benjamin C., and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Airbus vs. Boeing in Superjumbos: Credibility and Preemption." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 02-061, February 2002. View Details

Cases and Teaching Materials

• Esty, Benjamin C., and Emilie Billaud. "Danone S.A.: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-356, August 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Emilie Billaud. "Danone S.A.: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-355, August 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Emilie Billaud. "Danone S.A.: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-354, August 2021. View Details
• Green, Daniel, Scott Mayfield, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Playing the Field: Competing Bids for Anadarko Petroleum Corp." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 222-014, July 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Allison M. Ciechanover. "Airbnb Emerges from the Pandemic: Lessons for Stakeholder Governance (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 222-003, July 2021. (Revised August 2021.) (To be taught in September 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): Derivation, Intuition, and Applications." Harvard Business School Technical Note 221-106, June 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Allison Ciechanover. "Airbnb During the Pandemic: Stakeholder Capitalism Faces a Critical Test." Harvard Business School Case 221-050, May 2021. (Revised August 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emilie Billaud. "Astralis Group: Determining a Brand Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 721-382, March 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 221-708, January 2021. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and the Cost of Capital (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 221-070, January 2021. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Bespoken Spirits: Disrupting Distilling." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 721-852, January 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Bespoken Spirits: Disrupting Distilling." Harvard Business School Case 721-419, January 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Valuing Celgene's CVR." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 221-705, November 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Valuing Celgene's CVR." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 221-036, November 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Valuing Celgene's CVR." Harvard Business School Case 221-031, November 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 221-704, September 2020. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and the Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 222-019, July 2021. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Case 221-006, September 2020. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "TransDigm: The Acquisition of Aerosonic Corp." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-858, June 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "TransDigm: The Acquisition of Aerosonic Corp." Harvard Business School Case 720-480, June 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "TransDigm's Acquisition and Integration of Arkwin Industries." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-857, May 2020. (Revised June 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "TransDigm in 2017: Congressional Hearing on the DoD Inspector General’s Report (5/15/19)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 720-856, June 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-353, September 2020. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "TransDigm's Acquisition and Integration of Arkwin Industries." Harvard Business School Case 720-467, May 2020. (Revised June 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-855, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Case 720-422, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Showdown at Mountain Pass: Bidding for Neo Materials." Harvard Business School Case 219-096, February 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 220-713, November 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "United Technologies Corp.: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?" Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 220-714, November 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "United Technologies: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?" Harvard Business School Case 220-018, November 2019. (Revised April 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Case 220-003, November 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Gillette: Cutting Prices to Regain Share." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-853, November 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Transactions (A)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 220-710, October 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 220-031, October 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (A)." Harvard Business School Case 220-030, October 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Gillette: Cutting Prices to Regain Share." Harvard Business School Case 720-378, November 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "The De Beers Group: Launching Lightbox Jewelry for Lab-Grown Diamonds." Harvard Business School Case 719-408, August 2018. (Revised August 2018.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "MoviePass: The 'Get Big Fast' Strategy." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-854, January 2020. (Revised July 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "MoviePass: The 'Get Big Fast' Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 719-455, March 2019. (Revised July 2020.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin, Eric Van den Steen, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Navistar International: Competing Against PACCAR." Harvard Business School Case 717-452, January 2017. (Revised November 2018.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "The De Beers Group: Launching GemFair for Artisanal Diamonds." Harvard Business School Supplement 719-437, January 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Daniel Fisher, and Greg Saldutte. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 719-804, January 2019. (Revised February 2019.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 719-428, April 2019. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Case 719-424, February 2019. (Revised September 2021.) View Details
• Di Maggio, Marco, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 218-096, June 2018. View Details
• Di Maggio, Marco, Benjamin C. Esty, and Gregory Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 218-116, June 2018. View Details
• Di Maggio, Marco, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-101, June 2018. (Revised October 2018.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Marco Di Maggio, and Greg Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-726, June 2018. (Revised April 2021.) View Details
• Di Maggio, Marco, Benjamin C. Esty, and Gregory Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A)." Harvard Business School Case 218-095, June 2018. (Revised April 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "Sandlands Vineyards." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-505, March 2018. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "Sandlands Vineyards." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 718-802, March 2018. (Revised March 2018.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Gregory Saldutte. "Sandlands Vineyards." Harvard Business School Case 718-438, February 2018. (Revised March 2019.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "OldTown Berhad." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-714, January 2018. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Greg Saldutte. "OldTown Berhad." Harvard Business School Case 218-058, January 2018. View Details
• Ivashina, Victoria, Alexey Tuzikov, and Abhijit Tagade. "Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 218-106, June 2018. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-713, December 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-701, December 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Case 218-001, December 2017. (Revised February 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-037, November 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Canadian Pacific's Bid for Norfolk Southern." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-035, October 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Tempur Sealy International (A)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 718-801, September 2017. (Revised December 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Tempur Sealy International (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 718-424, September 2017. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Tempur Sealy International (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 718-423, September 2017. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Tempur Sealy International (A)." Harvard Business School Case 718-422, September 2017. (Revised June 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Daniel P. Gross, and Lauren G. Pickle. "The De Beers Group: Exploring the Diamond Reselling Opportunity." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 717-481, June 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Daniel P. Gross, and Lauren G. Pickle. "The De Beers Group: Exploring the Diamond Reselling Opportunity." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 717-806, February 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Daniel P. Gross, and Lauren G. Pickle. "The De Beers Group: Exploring the Diamond Reselling Opportunity." Harvard Business School Case 717-430, February 2017. (Revised August 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Marc Baaij, and Arjen Mulder. "Bayer AG: Bidding to Win Merck's OTC Business." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 217-705, January 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Marc Baaij, and Arjen Mulder. "Bayer AG: Bidding to Win Merck's OTC Business." Harvard Business School Case 217-021, January 2017. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Stuart C. Gilson. "Thomas Cook Group on the Brink (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 217-028, November 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 217-015, October 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 217-030, October 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Akiko Kanno. "FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 216-714, June 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies." Harvard Business School Case 216-042, June 2016. (Revised May 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Scott Mayfield, and David Lane. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 216-713, June 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Canadian Pacific's Bid for Norfolk Southern Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 216-712, April 2016. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and David Lane. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Case 216-039, May 2016. (Revised May 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Canadian Pacific's Bid for Norfolk Southern." Harvard Business School Case 216-057, May 2016. (Revised September 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Whirlpool Corp.: Structuring the Deal to Acquire Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 216-702, October 2015. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Nancy Hua Dai. "Whirlpool Corp.: Structuring the Deal to Acquire Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company." Harvard Business School Case 216-019, October 2015. (Revised September 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Minerals (A)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 216-020, October 2015. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and William E. Fruhan, Jr. "Unidentified Industries: Australia 2014." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 216-018, September 2015. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin, and William E. Fruhan, Jr. "Unidentified Industries: Australia 2014." Harvard Business School Case 216-014, September 2015. (Revised July 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A): EPS Forecasting Model." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-711, June 2015. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 215-059, May 2015. (Revised December 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-710, June 2015. (Revised September 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A)." Harvard Business School Case 215-058, May 2015. (Revised September 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Thomas Cook Group on the Brink (C): Transformation Year 2 Results." Harvard Business School Supplement 215-052, May 2015. (Revised March 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Thomas Cook Group on the Brink (B): Transformation Year 1 Results." Harvard Business School Supplement 215-051, May 2015. (Revised March 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Annelena Lobb. "Buffett's Bid for Media General's Newspapers." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 215-067, April 2015. (Revised October 2017.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Stuart C. Gilson, and Aldo Sesia. "Thomas Cook Group on the Brink (A)." Harvard Business School Case 215-008, August 2014. (Revised March 2016.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Carla Chavich, and Aldo Sesia. "An Overview of Project Finance and Infrastructure Finance—2014 Update." Harvard Business School Background Note 214-083, June 2014. (Revised July 2014.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Morgan Brothers' Reverse Convertible Notes (C)." Harvard Business School Case 215-002, August 2014. (Revised March 2015.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Materials Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 214-710, June 2014. (Revised October 2015.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Issuing the 'Happy Meal' Securities (B)." Harvard Business School Case 215-014, August 2014. (Revised March 2015.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Minerals (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-054, June 2014. (Revised October 2015.) View Details
• White, Lucy, and Benjamin C. Esty. "The TELUS Share Conversion Proposal, Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 214-704, October 2013. (Revised May 2014.) View Details
• White, Lucy, Benjamin C. Esty, and Lisa Mazzanti. "The TELUS Share Conversion Proposal." Harvard Business School Case 214-001, October 2013. (Revised September 2014.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Buffett's Bid for Media General's Newspapers, Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 213-727, June 2013. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Buffett's Bid for Media General's Newspapers." Harvard Business School Case 213-142, June 2013. (Revised April 2015.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "The Kashagan Production Sharing Agreement (PSA), Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 213-726, May 2013. (Revised September 2013.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Florian Bitsch. "The Kashagan Production Sharing Agreement (PSA)." Harvard Business School Case 213-082, May 2013. (Revised September 2013.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Creating the First Public Law Firm: The IPO of Slater & Gordon Limited (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 213-027, April 2013. (Revised June 2013.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Creating the First Public Law Firm: The IPO of Slater & Gordon Limited." Harvard Business School Case 213-019, October 2012. (Revised September 2013.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "An Overview of Project Finance and Infrastructure Finance--2009 Update." Harvard Business School Background Note 210-061, June 2010. (Revised September 2011.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert Sheen. "Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships." Harvard Business School Case 210-058, June 2010. (Revised August 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and David Lane. "Dow's Bid for Rohm and Haas." Harvard Business School Case 211-020, November 2010. (Revised May 2014.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert W. Sheen. "Compass Maritime Services, LLC: Valuing Ships." Harvard Business School Case 211-014, September 2010. (Revised December 2010.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Dow's Bid for Rohm and Haas (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 211-704, November 2010. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert W. Sheen. "Compass Maritime Services, LLC: Valuing Ships (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 211-702, September 2010. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert W. Sheen. "Compass Maritime Services, LLC: Valuing Ships (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 211-015, September 2010. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert W. Sheen. "Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V.: Valuing Ships (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 211-009, August 2010. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert W. Sheen. "Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 211-701, July 2010. (Revised August 2021.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "BP Amoco (A): Policy Statement on the Use of Project Finance." Harvard Business School Case 201-054, January 2001. (Revised May 2010.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "BP Amoco (B): Financing Development of the Caspian Oil Fields." Harvard Business School Case 201-067, January 2001. (Revised May 2010.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Project Finance Acronyms." Harvard Business School Background Note 207-086, December 2006. (Revised May 2009.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "The Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (E)." Harvard Business School Supplement 209-082, January 2009. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Peter Tufano, and Jon Headley. "Banc One Corporation: Asset and Liability Management." Harvard Business School Case 294-079, February 1994. (Revised July 2008.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "NATL Sugar Company (Vietnam) Model." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 202-742, April 2002. (Revised October 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "NATL Sugar Company (Vietnam) Exhibits." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 202-743, April 2002. (Revised October 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "An Overview of Project Finance & Infrastructure Finance - 2006 Update." Harvard Business School Background Note 207-107, April 2007. (Revised October 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Jason Auerbach. "Bankruptcy and Restructuring at Marvel Entertainment Group." Harvard Business School Case 298-059, September 1997. (Revised August 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Project Finance Glossary." Harvard Business School Background Note 203-040, October 2002. (Revised April 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Aldo Sesia. "Equator Principles, The: An Industry Approach to Managing Environmental and Social Risks." Harvard Business School Case 205-114, June 2005. (Revised January 2007.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 207-087, January 2007. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (B), The." Harvard Business School Supplement 202-012, October 2001. (Revised June 2006.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (C)." Harvard Business School Case 206-129, April 2006. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (C) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 206-139, April 2006. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (A), The." Harvard Business School Case 202-010, October 2001. (Revised March 2006.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Lori A. Flees, and Mathew M Millett. "Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation (A), The." Harvard Business School Case 298-006, April 1998. (Revised July 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Aluminium Bahrain (Alba): The Pot Line 5 Expansion Project." Harvard Business School Case 205-027, February 2005. (Revised July 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Aluminium Bahrain (Alba): The Pot Line 5 Expansion Project (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 205-029, June 2005. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "The Equator Principles: An Industry Approach to Managing Environmental and Social Risks (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 205-115, June 2005. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Aluminium Bahrain (Alba): The Pot Line 5 Expansion Project (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 205-708, February 2005. (Revised June 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "An Overview of Project Finance - 2004 Update." Harvard Business School Background Note 205-065, April 2005. (Revised April 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Basel II: Assessing the Default and Loss Characteristics of Project Finance Loans (B)." Harvard Business School Case 204-094, January 2004. (Revised April 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "International Rivers Network and the Bujagali Dam Project (A)." Harvard Business School Case 204-083, March 2004. (Revised April 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "International Rivers Network and the Bujagali Dam Project (B)." Harvard Business School Case 204-139, March 2004. (Revised April 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "International Rivers Network and the Bujagali Dam Project (A)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 204-706, March 2004. (Revised April 2005.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "International Rivers Network and the Bujagali Dam Project (TN) (A & B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 204-115, June 2004. (Revised October 2004.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Acquistion of Consolidated Rail Corporation (A), The." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 298-738, March 2003. (Revised October 2004.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Airbus A3XX: Developing the World's Largest Commercial Jet (A)." Harvard Business School Case 201-028, November 2000. (Revised April 2004.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Introduction to the Large-Scale Investment (LSI) Course at Harvard Business School." Harvard Business School Background Note 204-093, October 2003. (Revised February 2004.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Basel II: Assessing the Default and Loss Characteristics of Project Finance Loans (A)." Harvard Business School Case 203-035, December 2002. (Revised January 2004.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Timothy A. Luehrman. "Texas High-Speed Rail Corporation: FCF vs. ECF Valuation (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 204-051, July 2003. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Financing PPL Corporation's Growth Strategy (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 204-046, July 2003. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Basel II: Assessing the Default and Loss Characteristics of Project Finance Loans (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 203-055, December 2002. (Revised June 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Nghe An Tate & Lyle Sugar Company (Vietnam), TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 202-067, April 2002. (Revised June 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Contractual Innovation in the U.K. Energy Markets: Enron Europe, The Eastern Group, and the Sutton Bridge Project (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 203-085, June 2003. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Restructuring Bulong's Project Debt (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 203-028, July 2002. (Revised June 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A) and (B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 201-087, March 2001. (Revised June 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Frank J. Lysy, and Carrie Ferman. "Nghe An Tate & Lyle Sugar Company (Vietnam)." Harvard Business School Case 202-054, April 2002. (Revised May 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Mobile Energy Services Company." Harvard Business School Case 203-061, February 2003. (Revised May 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Irina L. Christov. "An Overview of Project Finance-2002 Update." Harvard Business School Supplement 202-105, April 2002. (Revised May 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Why Study Large Projects?" Harvard Business School Background Note 203-031, October 2002. (Revised May 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Fuaad Qureshi. "Financing the Mozal Project." Harvard Business School Case 200-005, November 1999. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Poland's A2 Motorway." Harvard Business School Case 202-030, December 2001. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "International Investor, The: Islamic Finance and the Equate Project." Harvard Business School Case 200-012, October 1999. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Fuaad Qureshi, and William J Olson. "Iridium LLC." Harvard Business School Case 200-039, March 2000. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (A)." Harvard Business School Case 201-072, March 2001. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Fuaad Qureshi. "Project Finance Research, Data, and Information Sources ." Harvard Business School Background Note 201-041, October 2000. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Peter Tufano. "Contractual Innovation in the UK Energy Markets: Enron Europe, The Eastern Group, and the Sutton Bridge Project." Harvard Business School Case 200-051, May 2000. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Financing PPL Corporation's Growth Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 202-045, December 2001. (Revised April 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Restructuring Bulong's Project Debt." Harvard Business School Case 203-027, July 2002. (Revised March 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Chase's Strategy for Syndicating the Hong Kong Disneyland Loan (B)." Harvard Business School Case 201-086, March 2001. (Revised March 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Mobile Energy Services Company (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 203-062, February 2003. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Teaching Project Finance: An Overview of the Large-Scale Investment Course." Harvard Business School Module Note 202-086, April 2002. (Revised February 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Frank J. Lysy, and Carrie Ferman. "An Economic Framework for Assessing Development Impact." Harvard Business School Background Note 202-052, April 2002. (Revised February 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "BP Amoco (A) & (B)TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 202-089, March 2002. (Revised January 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Australia-Japan Cable: Structuring the Project Company (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 203-030, January 2003. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Calpine Corporation: The Evolution From Project to Corporate Finance TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 201-121, May 2001. (Revised January 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Carrie Ferman. "Australia-Japan Cable: Structuring the Project Company." Harvard Business School Case 203-029, August 2002. (Revised January 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Calpine Corporation: The Evolution from Project to Corporate Finance." Harvard Business School Case 201-098, May 2001. (Revised January 2003.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project (A) and (B), The TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 202-032, October 2001. (Revised January 2003.) View Details
• Esty, B. C. "Project Finance Portal." 2003. (This portal is a reference guide for people interested in project finance. In addition to bibliographical references for books, articles, and case studies, the site contains links to related sites.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Aldo Sesia. "Basel II: Assessing the Default and Loss Characterisrics of Project Finance Loans." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 203-702, November 2002. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Australia-Japan Cable: Structuring the Project Company." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 202-746, July 2002. (Revised August 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Iridium LLC TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 200-050, June 2000. (Revised March 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "International Investor, The: Islamic Finance and the Equate Project TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 200-013, October 1999. (Revised March 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Petrolera Zuata, Petrozuata C.A." Harvard Business School Case 299-012, September 1998. (Revised March 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Financing the Mozal Project TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 200-025, November 1999. (Revised March 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Poland's A2 Motorway TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 202-031, December 2001. (Revised March 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Suzanne I. Harris, and Kathleen G. Krueger. "Overview of the Project Finance Market, An." Harvard Business School Background Note 200-028, December 1999. (Revised January 2002.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Project." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 202-710, November 2001. (Revised November 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Airbus A3XX: Developing the World's Largest Commercial Jet (B)." Harvard Business School Case 201-126, May 2001. (Revised August 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Michael Kane. "Airbus A3XX: Developing the World's Largest Commercial Jet (A) and (B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 201-040, December 2000. (Revised August 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Petrolera Zuata, Petrozuata C.A. TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 299-013, December 1998. (Revised June 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation, The (A and B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 298-087, June 1998. (Revised May 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Lori A. Flees, and Mathew M Millett. "Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation (B), The." Harvard Business School Supplement 298-095, April 1998. (Revised May 2001.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Fuaad Qureshi, and Mathew M Millett. "Introduction to Islamic Finance, An." Harvard Business School Background Note 200-002, August 1999. (Revised February 2000.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Exercises in Option Pricing and Real Option Analysis." Harvard Business School Exercise 298-053, September 1997. (Revised February 2000.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Bankruptcy and Restructuring at Marvel Entertainment Group, Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 298-028, September 1997. (Revised June 1999.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Note on the Caspian Oil Pipelines." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-044, April 1999. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Mathew M Millett, and Tracy Aronson. "Atlantic Energy/Delmarva Power & Light (A)." Harvard Business School Case 298-034, February 1998. (Revised December 1998.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., Mathew M Millett, and Tracy Aronson. "Atlantic Energy/Delmarva Power & Light (B)." Harvard Business School Case 298-066, February 1998. (Revised December 1998.) View Details
• Ghemawat, Pankaj, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Gillette's Launch of Sensor." Harvard Business School Case 792-028, September 1991. (Revised November 1997.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Alan Bigman. "Hostile Bid for Red October, The." Harvard Business School Case 296-084, June 1996. (Revised July 1997.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Tara L. Nells. "USG Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 297-052, December 1996. (Revised July 1997.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "USG Corporation TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 297-093, May 1997. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Craig F Schreiber. "Service Corporation International TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 297-006, July 1996. (Revised April 1997.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Note on Value Drivers." Harvard Business School Background Note 297-082, April 1997. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Craig F Schreiber. "Service Corporation International." Harvard Business School Case 296-080, March 1996. (Revised July 1996.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Dividend Policy at FPL Group, Inc. (A) and (B) TN." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 296-072, January 1996. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Craig F Schreiber. "Dividend Policy at FPL Group, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 295-059, March 1995. (Revised December 1995.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Shawmut National Corporation's Merger with Bank of Boston Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 294-119, May 1994. (Revised November 1995.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "Shawmut National Corporation's Merger with Bank of Boston Corporation (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 294-120, May 1994. (Revised November 1995.) View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C., and Craig F Schreiber. "Dividend Policy at FPL Group, Inc. (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 295-106, March 1995. (Revised November 1995.) View Details

Other Publications and Materials

• Esty, Benjamin C. "When Do Foreign Banks Finance Domestic Projects? New Evidence on the Importance of Legal and Financial Systems." September 2004. Mimeo. View Details
• Esty, Benjamin C. "The Economic Motivations for Using Project Finance." January 2003. Mimeo. View Details
• Esty, B. C. "The Wealth Effects of Large, Project-Financed Investment Decisions." April 2001. Mimeo. View Details

Teaching

Large-Scale Investment (LSI, MBA Elective Curriculum)

Large-Scale Investment (LSI) is a case-based course about project finance that is designed for second-year MBA students. Project finance involves the creation of a legally independent project company financed with nonrecourse debt for the purpose of investing in a single purpose industrial asset. In 2011, firms financed almost $400 billion worth of capital expenditures through project companies, an amount that has grown and will continue to grow rapidly in the years ahead. As the name implies, the course focuses primarily on large projects those costing $500 million or more because they provide a clear window on how managers make important structural decisions and how those decisions, in turn, affect firm value and performance. At the same time, large projects often encounter financial distress witness EuroTunnel, EuroDisney, Dabhol, and Iridium, yet are critical to economic growth and prosperity in both developed and developing markets.

The central theme of the course is that structure matters, which stands in sharp contrast to the neoclassical view of the firm as a black box production function and the assumption underlying Modigliani and Miller's first irrelevance proposition that financing and investment are separable and independent activities. Through this course, students learn how structure affects managerial incentives to create value and manage risk. Ultimately, students learn how to increase value through both investment and financing choices.

Keywords: Corporate Governance; Valuation; Capital Budgeting

Related Links: Introduction to the Large-Scale Investment (LSI) Course at Harvard Business School, An Overview of Project Finance and Infrastructure Finance--2009 Update

Finance II (MBA Required Curriculum)

This course builds on the foundation developed in Finance I, focusing on three sets of managerial decisions:

• How to evaluate complex investments.
• How to set and execute financial policies within a firm.
• How to integrate the many financial decisions faced by firms.

The Finance II course is divided into four blocks of material:

• Tools of financial analysis (credit market analysis, option pricing, valuation of interest tax shields, weighted average cost of capital)
• Financial policy choices of firms (whether to finance with debt or equity, distributing cash to shareholders)
• Financial market imperfections (costs of financial distress, transaction costs, information asymmetries, taxes, agency conflicts)
• Deals and transactions (mergers and acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, hostile takeovers, initial public offerings)

Keywords: Finance

Related Link: HBS MBA Required Curriculum

Strategies for Value Creation (MBA Course)

SVC is a capstone course that integrates topics from finance, strategy, and leadership. It is intentionally cross-functional and designed to force integration at the end  of the MBA program.  Students develop a value creation mindset and learn that value creation is an important, but by no means only, corporate objective and a guiding principle for making a wide range of managerial decisions.  The goal is to give students the knowledge, skills, frameworks, and judgment needed to make good strategic, financial, and operating decisions. The course emphasizes the development of practical insights rather than formal theories--to understand the tools and concepts commonly used in organizations. Classes extend and refine the analytical tools covered in RC Finance 1, RC Finance 2, and RC Strategy; and apply value-based management techniques to a broad set of business decisions.

The key modules include:

• Understanding Value Drivers
• Creating Competitive Advantage (Profitability)
• Sustaining Competitive Advantage (Sustainability)
• Driving Profitable Growth (Growth)
• Financing Profitable Growth

The course is appropriate for people interested in C-Suite positions in companies(CEO, CFO, COO), in advisory roles in investment banking or consulting, and in investing roles in private equity, venture capital, or hedge funds. 

MBA Required Curriculum—Strategy

The objective of this course is to help students develop the skills for formulating strategy. It provides an understanding of:

• A firm's operative environment and how to sustain competitive advantage.
• How to generate superior value for customers by designing the optimum configuration of the product mix and functional activities.
• How to balance the opportunities and risks associated with dynamic and uncertain changes in industry attractiveness and competitive position.

Students learn to:

• Develop a mastery of a body of analytical tools and the ability to take an integrative point of view.
• Use these tools to perform in-depth analyses of industries and competitors, predict competitive behavior, and analyze how firms develop and sustain competitive advantage over time.

Particular attention is paid to competitive positioning; understanding comparative costs; and addressing issues such as cannibalization, network externalities, and globalization.

Awards & Honors

Recognized as one of the top 20 bestselling case authors for the past five academic years (was #11 in 2019–2020) by The Case Centre out of more than 8,000 authors.

Recognized in 2014 as one of the top case writers over the past 40 years by The Case Centre (formerly the European Case Clearing House or ECCH).

Received the 2013–2014 Greenhill Award for Outstanding Faculty Service.

Received the 2012 HBS Student Association Faculty Teaching Award for exceptional contributions to the graduating class's HBS experience.

Received the 2012 Charles M. Williams Award for Excellence in Teaching.

Received the 2012 Trailblazer Award from the HBS African American Student Union and the African American Alumni Association for contributions to the Harvard community and the summer venture in management program (SVMP).

Received the 2007–2008 Greenhill Award for Outstanding Faculty Service in recognition of the work done to create the General Management Program (GMP) as well as teaching and scholarship.

Received the 2006–2007 Harvard Business School Apgar Award for Innovation in Teaching in recognition of curriculum in the newly created General Management Program (GMP).

Winner of the 2002 Best Paper Award at the Conference on International Corporate Governance for “Creditor Rights, Enforcement, and Debt Ownership Structure: Evidence from the Global Syndicated Loan Market” with William L. Megginson, sponsored by the Tuck Business School and the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

Received the 2001 HBS Student Association Faculty Teaching Award for exceptional contributions to the graduating class's HBS experience.

Received the 1999 HBS Student Association Faculty Teaching Award for exceptional contributions to the graduating class's HBS experience.

Received the 1997 HBS Student Association Faculty Teaching Award for exceptional contributions to the graduating class's HBS experience.

Awarded Outstanding Paper on Financial Institutions at the 1996 Southern Finance Association Annual Meeting for “The Impact of Contingent Liability on Commercial Bank Risk Taking.”

Additional Information

• Ben Esty CV
• SSRN Author Page
• Google Scholar Author Page
• Statement of Outside Activities
• HBS Finance Unit
• Project Finance Portal

Areas of Interest

• corporate finance
• corporate strategy
• leadership development
• value creation
Additional Topics
• capital budgeting
• conflicts of interest
• cost of capital
• debt financing
• economic development
• emerging markets
• financial management
• financial strategy
• general management
• investment banking
• leading change
• mergers and acquisitions
• mutual funds
• risk management
Industries
• banking
• energy
• infrastructure industry
• investment banking industry
• mining
• oil ＆ gas
• petrochemicals
• petroleum
• shipping
• transportation
• utilities
Geographies
• Australia and Oceania
• China
• North America

In The News

In The News

• • 01 Dec 2013
  • HBS Alumni Bulletin

  Case Study: Citizen Buffett
• • 24 May 2012
  • Harvard Business School

  Graduating Harvard Business School Students Hold Class Day Exercises
• • 08 Aug 2011
  • Harvard Business School

  Summer Venture in Management Program Offers Insights into Harvard MBA Experience
• • 19 Jul 2010

  Business School boost
• • 12 Apr 2009
  • Financial Times

  Reaching Across Borders