Which policy is most likely to deliver desired social and economic results and improve substantive democracy can sometimes be difficult to assess. Professor Pons has conducted experiments which help address this issue by evaluating interventions aimed at improving the quality of public services and enabling all citizens, including the most disadvantaged, to benefit from them. In several studies, he examines treatment of tuberculosis in India. One study focuses on the effect of biometric monitoring devices on patients’ treatment compliance, health workers’ attendance, and data forgery, and another on the effectiveness of health worker incentives on early detection of TB and on ensuring that patients complete the full course of treatment.