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Publications
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Market Exclusivity and Innovation: Evidence From Antibiotics

By: Edward Kong and Olivia Zhao
  • Language:English
  • | Pages:32
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Abstract

The US incentivizes drug innovation via patents as well as market exclusivity periods awarded by the US Food and Drug Administration. We estimate the causal effects of extending market exclusivity for an important drug class: antibiotics. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act – a policy change that granted 5 additional years of exclusivity for antibiotics but not antivirals or vaccines – led to a significant increase in phase 3 clinical trials. We also find evidence that the GAIN Act generated novel innovation, including larger effects among drugs with more novel patents.

Keywords

Health Testing and Trials; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States

Citation

Kong, Edward, and Olivia Zhao. "Market Exclusivity and Innovation: Evidence From Antibiotics." Working Paper, December 2023.
  • SSRN

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More from the Authors
  • A National Analysis of General Pediatric Inpatient Unit Closures and Openings, 2011–2018 By: Carolyn San Soucie, Nancy D. Beaulieu, Jason D. Buxbaum, David Cutler, JoAnna K. Leyenaar, Sarah C. McBride, Olivia Zhao and Alyna T. Chien
  • Effects of a Real-Time Information-Based Intervention on Physician Prescribing Behavior By: Olivia Zhao and Anna D Sinaiko
  • Cost of Exempting Sole Orphan Drugs from Medicare Negotiation By: Matthew Vogel, Olivia Zhao, William B. Feldman, Amitabh Chandra, Aaron S. Kesselheim and Benjamin N. Rome
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