Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The

W. Carl  Kester; Richard P. Melnick

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Background Note | HBS Case Collection | February 1987 (Revised September 1991)

Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The

by W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick

Abstract

Discusses the background of the foreign exchange market. This includes information about the participants and how the market operates. The problem set verses students in the arithmetic in the many common foreign exchange problems such as calculating forward premium and discounts, determining hedge ratios, covered interest arbitrage, etc.

Keywords: Financial Markets;

Format: Print

12 pages

Educators Purchase

Citation:

Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 287-033, February 1987. (Revised September 1991.)

About the Author

W. Carl Kester

George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration

Finance

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Case | HBS Case Collection | November 2019

Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs (Abridged)

Carliss Y. Baldwin and W. Carl Kester

In March 2013, Apple Computer has a very large cash balance, and is under pressure to return cash to shareholders. Hedge fund manager David Einhorn thinks Apple can "unlock value" by issuing perpetual preferred stock, dubbed iPrefs. Henry Blodget, CEO of Business Insider, disagrees, saying "you can't just wave your magic wand and make something of nothing." This short case is designed to support a discussion of "perfect" markets and the Modigliani-Miller capital structure irrelevance propositions. The case focuses on two questions: (1) From a shareholder's perspective, how is Apple's cash different from cash in a bank or money market account? (2) Can Apple create significant value for shareholders by splitting each common share into an iPref plus a common share?

Keywords: markets; Stock Shares; Value Creation; Business and Shareholder Relations;

Citation:
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and W. Carl Kester. "Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 220-043, November 2019. View Details

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Supplement | HBS Case Collection | January 2018 (Revised January 2019)

Capital Allocation at HCA

W. Carl Kester and Emily R. McComb

Citation:
Kester, W. Carl, and Emily R. McComb. "Capital Allocation at HCA." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-716, January 2018. (Revised January 2019.) View Details

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Case | HBS Case Collection | January 2018 (Revised December 2018)

Capital Allocation at HCA

W. Carl Kester and Emily R. McComb

In early 2017, HCA Holdings, an investor-owned hospital management company, faced a strategically important capital allocation decision. After the exit of its private equity sponsors in 2016, HCA had to determine how best to allocate its substantial annual free cash flows among several competing alternatives. Equity analysts and some mutual fund investors were clamoring for the company to initiate regular quarterly dividends, while some other hedge fund investors were eager to see more share repurchases. Other choices being advocated by various parties included reducing leverage to improve HCA's credit rating to investment grade, spurring growth by initiating a major acquisition program or reinvesting heavily in existing markets to enhance HCA's strong competitive position. These choices had to be made in the face of uncertainty about the future of healthcare regulation and tax policy following the 2016 U.S. presidential election and in the context of its closest publicly traded peers struggling with heavy debt burdens. HCA's capital allocation choices would be crucial to its ability to provide high quality health care to patients, implement its corporate strategy, and deliver value to shareholders.

Keywords: capital allocation; cash distribution policy; dividends; Share Repurchases; growth strategy and execution; growth investing; Capital expenditures; debt management; Debt reduction; debt policy; hospital management; investor-owned hospital chains; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Industry; United States;

Citation:
Kester, W. Carl, and Emily R. McComb. "Capital Allocation at HCA." Harvard Business School Case 218-039, January 2018. (Revised December 2018.) View Details

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Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The

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