Unmasking Behaviors During the Pandemic with Video Analytics

In 2020, as the novel coronavirus spread globally, face masks were recommended in public settings to protect against and slow down viral transmission. People complied to varying extents, and their reactions may have been driven by a variety of psychological factors. Based on the literature on social influence and on mask-wearing, we define three customer segments: Fully-Compliant customers wear masks, and they seem motivated primarily by concerns about their own health risk. Partially-Compliant customers also wear masks, but with less coverage; our empirical analysis suggests that they are motivated primarily by a desire to comply with social norms, not that they simply lack knowledge about the most effective way to wear masks. Finally, Unmasked customers do not wear masks. We examine changes in shopping behaviors with the onset of the pandemic to corroborate the conjectured mask-wearing motives. We find that the three groups made significantly different behavior changes: Fully-Compliant customers shopped significantly faster and practiced stricter social distancing with the onset of the pandemic, while the other two groups did not adjust their shopping duration or social distancing. Fully-Compliant customers bought more-discounted products and explored less variety, while Partially-Compliant customers bought less-popular products and explored more variety.