2023
Working Paper
HBS Working Paper Series

Do Markets Reduce Prices? Evidence from the Electricity Sector

By: Alexander MacKay and Ignacia Mercadal

Format:Print
| Language:English
| Pages:62

Abstract

We construct a novel dataset on electricity generation, wholesale transactions, and retail sales to assess the shift from cost-of-service regulation to deregulated, market-based prices in the context of the U.S. electricity sector. Consistent with earlier studies, we find that the costs of generation fell in deregulated markets. However, despite lower generation costs, wholesale prices increased along with utilities’ overall expenses on energy. The resulting increase in utility costs can explain a substantial portion of the increase in downstream retail prices. Overall, we estimate that the increase in wholesale markups more than offset the efficiency gains, which can occur when markets are not perfectly competitive.

Keywords

Deregulation; Market Power; Markups; Prices; Electricity; Energy; Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Price; Utilities Industry

Citation

MacKay, Alexander, and Ignacia Mercadal. "Do Markets Reduce Prices? Evidence from the Electricity Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-095, February 2021. (Revised June 2023. Direct download.)