Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business

Rebecca M. Henderson; Sophus A. Reinert; Mariana  Oseguera

Background Note | HBS Case Collection | January 2020

Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business

by Rebecca M. Henderson, Sophus A. Reinert and Mariana Oseguera

Abstract

This note provides general information about climate change and its implications for business. Included is an overview of climate change science and a number of its impacts, including rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and extreme weather, pressure on water and food, political and security risks, human health risks, and impact on wildlife and ecosystems. Next, responses to climate change are outlined, including improvements in energy efficiency, moving away from fossil fuels, changes in land use and agriculture practices, and geoengineering. The note concludes with the debate over how much should be spent to mitigate and adapt to climate change, who should pay, and the implications for the private sector.

Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Accounting; Agribusiness; Economic Growth; Energy Conservation; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; National Security; Government Legislation; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Natural Disasters; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Science-Based Business; Weather; Society; Technology;

Language: English

Format: Print

27 pages

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Citation:

Henderson, Rebecca M., Sophus A. Reinert, and Mariana Oseguera. "Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business." Harvard Business School Background Note 320-087, January 2020. (Click here for a complimentary copy on the Business & Environment Initiative’s site.)

Unchecked climate change presents a profound threat to economic growth and political stability but despite widespread public concern about the issue, global emissions of greenhouse gases have not declined. Indeed current “business as usual” predictions imply that average global temperatures will rise by more than 4⁰C by 2100, with potentially catastrophic results. In this paper, we argue that while putting in place an effective regime for pricing GHG emissions is more essential than ever, it is unlikely to be sufficient. It is in this context that we hypothesize that increasing the fraction of commercial firms who are “authentically purpose-driven” might have a very significant effect on the problem of climate change.

Technical Note | HBS Case Collection | December 2018 (Revised March 2020)

Note on Economic Inequality (2020)

Rebecca Henderson, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez

For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. While this economic growth has reduced the number of people living in poverty, it has come with an increase in economic inequality. The gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots" in developed countries has widened, with a small proportion of the population reaping an increasingly larger share of a country's economic rewards. This growing economic inequality has been particularly pronounced in the United States, but the phenomenon has also occurred in many nations. This note provides background on aspects of economic inequality. It begins by describing both income inequality and wealth inequality, providing an explanation of two widely used metrics and data that show increasing inequalities over time. It then moves to the factors that might contribute to this inequality, as well to propositions of economic and social consequences that might result from the widening gap. Finally, it addresses the issue of "equality of opportunity" or social mobility. This is an update to the Note on Economic Inequality (2015). It provides additional information on economic inequality, including union membership and inequality and political polarization.

Keywords: Economic inequalty; wealth inequality; equality of opportunity; political polarization; Economic Growth; Economics; Income; Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Society; Problems and Challenges;

Citation:

Henderson, Rebecca, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia, and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez. "Note on Economic Inequality (2020)." Harvard Business School Technical Note 319-071, December 2018. (Revised March 2020.) View Details

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