Value-Based Health Care in Undergraduate Medical Education

Jessica N. Holtzman; Bhushan R. Deshpande; Jessica C. Stuart; Thomas W. Feeley; Mary  Witkowski; Edward M. Hundert; Jennifer  Kasper

Article | Academic Medicine | May 2020

Value-Based Health Care in Undergraduate Medical Education

by Jessica N. Holtzman, Bhushan R. Deshpande, Jessica C. Stuart, Thomas W. Feeley, Mary Witkowski, Edward M. Hundert and Jennifer Kasper

Abstract

Problem: Value-based health care (VBHC) is an innovative framework for redesigning care delivery to achieve better outcomes for patients and reduce cost; however, providing students with the skills to understand and engage with these topics is a challenge to medical educators. Approach: Here the authors present a novel, VBHC curriculum integrated into a required course for post-core clerkship students—launched in 2018 at Harvard Medical School and taught in conjunction with Harvard Business School faculty—that highlights key principles of VBHC most relevant to undergraduate medical education. The course integrates VBHC with related health disciplines, including health policy, ethics, epidemiology, and social medicine, using a case-based method. Students practice active decision-making while learning key concepts to address value in clinical practice. Outcomes: Since the course’s inception in March 2018, 95 students (87%) completed the standardized course evaluation; the majority said VBHC content and pedagogical style (i.e., case-based learning) enhanced their learning. Students’ critiques focused on too little integration with other disciplines (e.g., social medicine, ethics), the physical space, and inadequate time for debates about potential tensions between VBHC and other course disciplines. Next Steps: The authors believe that by exposing medical students to the principles of VBHC, students will fulfill the expectations of graduating physicians by excelling as critical thinkers, collaborative team members, and judicious care providers throughout their residency, clinical practice, and beyond. Future VBHC curricula expansions may include elective coursework, intensive seminar series, and formal dual degrees.

Keywords: value-based health care; Health Care and Treatment; Higher Education; Curriculum and Courses;

Format: Print

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Citation:

Holtzman, Jessica N., Bhushan R. Deshpande, Jessica C. Stuart, Thomas W. Feeley, Mary Witkowski, Edward M. Hundert, and Jennifer Kasper. "Value-Based Health Care in Undergraduate Medical Education." Academic Medicine 95, no. 5 (May 2020): 740–743.

As the diffusion of value-based health care efforts accelerates globally, the need for interoperable information technology systems that support value-based care is essential. Such systems are needed to facilitate dramatic improvements in patient outcomes and efficiency and, importantly, to end an era in which health IT has entrenched the status quo, perpetuated silos, and blocked reimbursement reform. A value-enabling IT platform must organize data around conditions and must enable integrated practice units to integrate care both within and across health systems. In addition, the electronic health record should be the sole source of costing information so that accurate costs for every encounter can be tracked, aggregated, shared, and used for improvement. This is the next generation of health care IT.

Article | Journal of Medical Systems | January 2020

Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Demonstrate Value in Perioperative Care: Recommendations and Review from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement

O. Allin, RD Urman, AF Edwards, JD Blitz, KJ Pfeifer, TW Feeley and AM Bader

A shift in health care payment models from volume toward value-based incentives will require deliberate input into systems development from both perioperative clinicians and administrators to ensure appropriate recognition of the value of all services provided—particularly ones that are not reimbursable in current fee-for-service payment models. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methodology identifies cost drivers and reduces inaccurate costing based on siloed budgets. Inaccurate costing also results from the fact that current costing methods use charges and there has been tremendous cost shifting throughout health care. High cost, high variability processes can be identified for process improvement. As payment models inevitably evolve towards value-based metrics, it will be critical to knowledgably participate in the coordination of these changes. This document provides eight practical recommendations from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) aimed at outlining the principles of TDABC, creating process maps for patient workflows, understanding payment structures, establishing physician alignment across service lines to create integrated practice units to facilitate development of evidence-based pathways for specific patient risk groups, establishing consistent care delivery, minimizing variability between physicians and departments, utilizing data analytics and information technology tools to track progress and obtain actionable data, and using TDABC to create costing transparency.

Keywords: value-based health care; outcomes; Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Value; Activity Based Costing and Management;

Citation:

Allin, O., RD Urman, AF Edwards, JD Blitz, KJ Pfeifer, TW Feeley, and AM Bader. "Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Demonstrate Value in Perioperative Care: Recommendations and Review from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement." Journal of Medical Systems 44, no. 1 (January 2020). View Details

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Since its establishment in 2005, Hamburg’s Martini Klinik had single mindedly focused on prostate cancer care with a commitment to measure long-term health outcomes for every patient. A wholly owned subsidiary of the University Hospital Hamburg, Martini Klinik was a “hospital in a hospital” in close proximity to other medical departments and services. By 2019, Martini Klinik had become the largest prostate cancer treatment program in the world with 8,000 outpatient cases and more than 2,500 surgical cases annually. Patients came from all over Germany and from around the world. A new and expanded facility was under construction to have the capacity to manage more patients with prostate cancer.

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