Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios

Bhavya  Mohan; Tobias  Schlager; Rohit   Deshpandé; Michael I. Norton

Article | Journal of Consumer Psychology | April 2018

Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios

by Bhavya Mohan, Tobias Schlager, Rohit Deshpandé and Michael I. Norton

Abstract

We document a novel driver of consumer behavior: pay ratio disclosure. Swiss corporation performance data gathered during a legally mandated pay ratio referendum reveals that salient high pay ratios are associated with decreased firm sales (Pilot Study). An incentive‐compatible field experiment shows that, when ratios are revealed, consumers avoid firms with high ratios relative to competitors (Study 1). Finally, the effect of high pay ratios also depends on consumers’ political ideology: Democrats and Independents show decreased purchase intentions for products sold by firms with high ratios, whereas Republicans are unaffected (Study 2).

Keywords: pay ratio; wage fairness; purchase intention; customers;

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Mohan, Bhavya, Tobias Schlager, Rohit Deshpandé, and Michael I. Norton. "Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios." Special Issue on Marketplace Morality. Journal of Consumer Psychology 28, no. 2 (April 2018): 344–352.

This case concerns Yıldız Holding’s acquisition of Godiva Chocolatier from its previous owner, Campbell Soup, and its salient strategy in preserving Godiva’s “made in Belgian” brand position. Provenance Paradox, a problem faced by companies in emerging countries trying to establish their brands in developed markets, had not become a problem for Yıldız Holding. The chairman Murat Ülker asked the Godiva management to execute a highly ambitious plan of making the brand widely-available at supermarkets, drug stores and mass channels in the U.S. market. How was the Godiva brand affected by the change in its marketing strategy? How was the execution different in international markets vs. the U.S. market?

Article | Journal of Consumer Psychology

The Feeling of Not Knowing It All

Haiyang Yang, Ziv Carmon, Dan Ariely and Michael I. Norton

How do consumers assess their mastery of knowledge they have learned? We explore this question by investigating a common knowledge consumption situation: encountering opportunities for further learning. We argue and show that such opportunities can trigger a feeling-of-not-knowing-it-all (FONKIA), which lowers consumers’ confidence in their mastery of the knowledge they already possess. Specifically, listing optional follow-up readings at the conclusion of a course lowered students’ confidence in their mastery of the course material they had already learned (Study 1). Encountering an optional learning opportunity increased the FONKIA, which mediated the decreased confidence (Studies 2 and 3). We also document two moderators consistent with our conceptualization. First, participants primed with mastery (vs. instrumental) motivation were more negatively impacted when they encountered optional learning opportunities. Second, the more related the optional opportunities were to the target topic, the lower participants’ confidence in their mastery of what they had already learned. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings, such as encouraging further learning or harming teaching evaluations.

Keywords: Knowledge consumption; Consumption of learning; Judgment of knowledge; Feeling ofknowing; Confidence in knowledge; WYSIATI; FONKIA; Knowledge Acquisition; Learning; Perception;

Citation:

Yang, Haiyang, Ziv Carmon, Dan Ariely, and Michael I. Norton. "The Feeling of Not Knowing It All." Journal of Consumer Psychology 29, no. 3 (July 2019): 455–462. View Details

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Consumers Avoid Buying from Firms with Higher CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios

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