The Great Migration and Political Change: Racial Realignment in the U.S. North, 1940-1970

Alvaro  Calderon; Vasiliki  Fouka; Marco  Tabellini

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Working Paper | 2019

The Great Migration and Political Change: Racial Realignment in the U.S. North, 1940-1970

by Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini

Language: English

Format: Print

Citation:

Calderon, Alvaro, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "The Great Migration and Political Change: Racial Realignment in the U.S. North, 1940-1970." Working Paper, 2019.

About the Author

Marco E. Tabellini

Assistant Professor of Business Administration

Business, Government and the International Economy

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Working Paper | 2019

Stereotypes and Politics

Pedro Bordalo, Marco Tabellini and David Yang

Citation:
Bordalo, Pedro, Marco Tabellini, and David Yang. "Stereotypes and Politics." Working Paper, 2019. View Details

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Working Paper | 2019

Changing In-group Boundaries: The Role of New Immigrant Waves in the U.S.

Vasiliki Fouka, Shom Mazumder and Marco Tabellini

How are boundaries of in-groups and out-groups in a society formed, and how do they evolve? Does the appearance of a new out-group foster or hinder the incorporation of previously excluded groups? We address these issues in the context of immigration to the US between 1965 and 2010, and study how new immigrants from China and Mexico affected native whites’ attitudes towards blacks and their social integration. Using an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in the arrival of immigrants to different states combined with survey and census data, we find that immigration reduces whites’ prejudice toward African Americans, and raises black-white intermarriage rates. These effects are driven by Mexican – but not by Chinese – immigrants, consistent with a mechanism in which the arrival of a more socially distant group narrows the distance between the majority and existing minorities. Our study provides an under-appreciated glimpse into the evolution of social status in multi-ethnic societies

Keywords: Immigration; Attitudes; Boundaries; Prejudice and Bias;

Citation:
Fouka, Vasiliki, Shom Mazumder, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing In-group Boundaries: The Role of New Immigrant Waves in the U.S." Working Paper, 2019. View Details

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Working Paper | 2018

Immigration and Cultural Backlash in the Age of Mass Migration: Evidence from Local Newspapers and Congressional Speeches

Leonardo D'Amico and Marco Tabellini

We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in European immigration to US cities between 1910 and 1930 induced by World War I and the US Immigration Acts to study if the inflow of immigrants triggered natives’ backlash. Using local newspapers data, we document that immigration fueled anti-immigrant sentiments and increased the frequency of racially charged words against the foreign born (e.g. “Inferior Races”; “Beaten Races”; etc.). Racist reactions were entirely driven by Catholic and Jewish (but not by Protestant) immigration, suggesting that natives’ backlash had cultural, rather than economic, foundations. Consistent with this interpretation, we do not find any evidence of heterogeneity in newspapers’ rhetoric depending on city economic characteristics. Our findings further indicate that European immigration generated “contagious animosity” towards other minority groups - in particular African Americans and Chinese immigrants already living in US cities. Finally, we complement our analysis by using Congressional speeches from the Senate, and applying supervised machine learning methods. In line with newspapers’ reactions, Senators representing states that received more immigrants during the previous decade were significantly more likely to adopt a racist rhetoric when discussing immigration-related bills. One possible interpretation of our findings – though not the only one – is that politicians responded to changes in demands from their constituencies, and switched to a racist rhetoric following their voters’ sentiments.

Keywords: Immigration; Prejudice and Bias; Religion; Nationality; Race; History; United States;

Citation:
D'Amico, Leonardo, and Marco Tabellini. "Immigration and Cultural Backlash in the Age of Mass Migration: Evidence from Local Newspapers and Congressional Speeches." Working Paper, 2018. (Draft Coming Soon!) View Details

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The Great Migration and Political Change: Racial Realignment in the U.S. North, 1940-1970

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