More from the Author

• Article | Journal of Political Economy | March 2020

  Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in

  Christine L. Exley, Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund

  Women's reluctance to negotiate is often used to explain the gender wage gap, popularizing the push for women to “lean-in" and negotiate more. Examining an environment where women achieve positive profits when they choose to negotiate, we find that increased negotiations are not helpful. Women know when to ask: they enter negotiations resulting in positive profits and avoid negotiations resulting in negative profits. While the findings are similar for men, we find no evidence that men are more adept than women at knowing when to ask. Thus, our results caution against a greater push for women to negotiate.

  Keywords: negotiations; leaning-in; selection; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Style; Gender;

  Citation:

  Exley, Christine L., Muriel Niederle, and Lise Vesterlund. "Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 3 (March 2020): 816–854.  View Details

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• Teaching Note | HBS Case Collection | January 2020

  How to Encourage Others to Give and When to Pass the Torch? Insights from The Philanthropy Connection

  Christine Exley and Kathleen McGinn

  This case follows the co-founder and president, Marla Felcher, of The Philanthropy Connection (TPC). TPC is a nonprofit organization that centers around collective giving: members of TPC make an annual contribution that is then distributed to select nonprofit organizations via grants. As Felcher works to maximize how much money they can give out via grants, this case allows for a deep dive into the motives for giving and how the organizational structure and processes can tap into why people give. As the case begins with Felcher’s founding of TPC and concludes with Felcher desiring to step down from her role as president, this case also allows for a rich discussion around if and when a nonprofit founder should step aside to let the next round of leaders takeover.

  Keywords: giving and philanthropy; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Motivation and Incentives; Nonprofit Organizations;

  Citation:

  Exley, Christine, and Kathleen McGinn. "How to Encourage Others to Give and When to Pass the Torch? Insights from The Philanthropy Connection." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 920-046, January 2020.  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | December 2019

  Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (A)

  Christine Exley, John Beshears, Manuela Collis and Davis Heniford

  In 2016, members of the U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (WNT) took steps to fight for equal pay relative to the U.S. Men's National Soccer Team. Their legal representative declared that the memorandum of understanding governing the relationship between the players and the U.S. Soccer Federation (USSF) was terminable at will. If a court agreed with this position, the players could threaten to strike in advance of the upcoming Olympics. In addition, five of the top WNT players filed a wage-discrimination complaint against the USSF with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This case describes the history of the WNT and the USSF leading up to these events.

  Keywords: Negotiation; Compensation and Benefits; Equality and Inequality; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Negotiation Tactics; Corporate Governance; Lawsuits and Litigation; Sports; Sports Industry; United States;

  Citation:

  Exley, Christine, John Beshears, Manuela Collis, and Davis Heniford. "Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (A)." Harvard Business School Case 920-029, December 2019.  View Details

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