Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in

Christine L. Exley; Muriel  Niederle; Lise  Vesterlund

Article | Journal of Political Economy | March 2020

Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in

by Christine L. Exley, Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund

Abstract

Women's reluctance to negotiate is often used to explain the gender wage gap, popularizing the push for women to “lean-in" and negotiate more. Examining an environment where women achieve positive profits when they choose to negotiate, we find that increased negotiations are not helpful. Women know when to ask: they enter negotiations resulting in positive profits and avoid negotiations resulting in negative profits. While the findings are similar for men, we find no evidence that men are more adept than women at knowing when to ask. Thus, our results caution against a greater push for women to negotiate.

Keywords: negotiations; leaning-in; selection; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Style; Gender;

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Citation:

Exley, Christine L., Muriel Niederle, and Lise Vesterlund. "Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 3 (March 2020): 816–854.

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Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning-in

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