Are Crises Good for Long-term Growth? The Role of Political Institutions

Alberto  Cavallo; Eduardo  Cavallo

Article | Journal of Macroeconomics

Are Crises Good for Long-term Growth? The Role of Political Institutions

by Alberto Cavallo and Eduardo Cavallo

Abstract

This paper provides empirical evidence for the importance of institutions in determining the outcome of crises on long-term growth. We show that once unobserved country-specific effects and other sources of endogeneity are accounted for, political institutions affect growth through their interaction with crises. In particular, we find that the effect of a crisis on long-run growth is conditioned by the prevailing institutional environment. In countries with democratic institutions, the negative effect of crises is mitigated, while in countries with autocratic institutions, the negative effect is exacerbated.

Keywords: Growth; democracy; Macroeconomics; Growth and Development; Financial Crisis; Economic Growth; Government and Politics;

Format: Print

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Citation:

Cavallo, Alberto, and Eduardo Cavallo. "Are Crises Good for Long-term Growth? The Role of Political Institutions." Journal of Macroeconomics 32, no. 3 (September 2010): 838–857.

In early 2020, a coronavirus pandemic swept the globe, ushering in unprecedented disruptions to the global economy. Both supply and demand were decimated by lockdowns and border closings, as well as reduced spending by fearful consumers. In response, governments around the world made equally unprecedented policy moves, spending trillions of dollars on fiscal stimulus measures to bridge the gap during the self-imposed shutdown. As the pandemic progressed, governments had to weigh the costs between loss of life due to opening up their economies and the economic devastation caused by delaying a reopening.

The Covid-19 Pandemic has led to changes in consumer expenditure patterns that can introduce significant bias in the measurement of CPI inflation. I use data collected from credit and debit transactions in the US to update the official basket weights. I find that the Covid inflation rate is higher for both headline and core CPIs, particularly for low-income households. I find similar results in 12 of 17 additional countries. The difference is growing over time as consumers spend relatively more on food and categories with rising inflation, and relatively less on transportation and categories experiencing significant deflation.

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Are Crises Good for Long-term Growth? The Role of Political Institutions

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