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• Case | HBS Case Collection | December 2018 (Revised April 2020)

  Fluidity: The Tokenization of Real Estate Assets

  Marco Di Maggio, David Lane and Susie Ma

  In December 2018, the blockchain startup Fluidity was about to participate in its first tokenization deal, which would create digital access to property rights in a 12-unit Manhattan condominium complex. The deal was proof-of-concept for Fluidity, which hoped to develop a business digitizing securities issuance for other real estate assets on the basis of its technical facility with blockchain technology, and in conjunction with its broker-dealer partner, Propellr. A successful transaction would only prompt larger and more urgent strategic questions, however. Among them was the appropriate revenue model for Fluidity—whether to grow by providing its technical services to broker-dealers, by going into tokenized securities issuance, or by harnessing its trading technology to facilitate a secondary market in tokenized securities.

  Keywords: Blockchain; tokenization; data security; revenue model; Finance; Technological Innovation; Strategy;

  Citation:

  Di Maggio, Marco, David Lane, and Susie Ma. "Fluidity: The Tokenization of Real Estate Assets." Harvard Business School Case 219-057, December 2018. (Revised April 2020.)  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | April 2020

  Luvo (B)

  José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred

  This case, a follow on to HBS No. 517-049 "Luvo," provides a brief look at changes that have occurred at Luvo, now called Performance Kitchen, since the timing of the first case (mid-2016). Set in January 2020, “Luvo (B)” touches on developments such as the company's purchase of a small food retail chain and its "food-is-medicine" strategic positioning, which includes selling to health insurers and other firms in the health care industry.

  Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Nutrition; Food; Strategy; Product Positioning; Product Marketing; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; United States; Canada;

  Citation:

  Alvarez, José B., and Natalie Kindred. "Luvo (B)." Harvard Business School Case 520-101, April 2020.  View Details

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• Background Note | HBS Case Collection | April 2020

  U.S. Food Retail During the Pandemic: March 2020

  José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred

  This note, written in late March 2020 and mainly U.S. focused, looks at the unfolding impact of the coronavirus pandemic on food retailers and their suppliers. It allows student to consider the challenges facing food retail executives as they navigate urgent supply chain challenges amid rapidly changing information and circumstances. It touches on developments in various segments of the supply chain, including farms, manufacturers, the trucking industry, warehouse operators, and store operations, as well as home delivery. The note is "set" as the outbreak is accelerating in the U.S., where the first "hot spots" include cities such as Seattle and New York City. Officials in many states have ordered or advised residents to stay home, exempting those employed in industries designated "essential," including food. The food industry is contending with a massive surge in demand for staple goods, as consumers worry about product shortages, seek to minimize store visits, and anticipate long stretches of time at home. Stock-outs and rationing in some categories in stores are widespread. Demand for online food shopping and delivery has skyrocketed well beyond the current capacity of retailers in many markets. As they scramble to respond, players up and down the food supply chain are changing how they source, make, move, and stock products. While U.S. officials have asserted that the food system remains reliable, anecdotal news is emerging of problems facing individual players, industry segments, and geographies. With the crisis expected to continue for weeks or months, all are bracing for even greater challenges.

  Keywords: coronavirus pandemic; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Food; Supply Chain; Consumer Behavior; Demand and Consumers; Trade; Crisis Management; Health Pandemics; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Retail Industry; United States;

  Citation:

  Alvarez, José B., and Natalie Kindred. "U.S. Food Retail During the Pandemic: March 2020." Harvard Business School Background Note 520-098, April 2020.  View Details

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