Skip to Main Content
HBS Home
  • About
  • Academic Programs
  • Alumni
  • Faculty & Research
  • Baker Library
  • Giving
  • Harvard Business Review
  • Initiatives
  • News
  • Recruit
  • Map / Directions
Faculty & Research
  • Faculty
  • Research
  • Featured Topics
  • Academic Units
  • …→
  • Harvard Business School→
  • Faculty & Research→
Publications
Publications
  • Article
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Enacting Rituals to Improve Self-control

By: D. A. Tian, J. Schroeder, G. Haubl, J. Risen, M. I. Norton and F. Gino
  • Format:Print
ShareBar

Abstract

Rituals are predefined sequences of actions characterized by rigidity and repetition. We propose that enacting ritualized actions can enhance subjective feelings of self-discipline, such that rituals can be harnessed to improve behavioral self-control. We test this hypothesis in six experiments. A field experiment showed that engaging in a pre-eating ritual over a 5-day period helped participants reduce calorie intake (Experiment 1). Pairing a ritual with healthy eating behavior increased the likelihood of choosing healthy food in a subsequent decision (Experiment 2), and enacting a ritual prior to a food choice (i.e., without being integrated into the consumption process) promoted the choice of healthy food over unhealthy food (Experiments 3a and 3b). The positive effect of rituals on self-control held even when a set of ritualized gestures enacted were not explicitly labeled as a ritual, and in other domains of behavioral self-control (i.e., prosocial decision-making; Experiments 4 and 5). Furthermore, Experiments 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 provided evidence for the psychological process underlying the effectiveness of rituals: heightened feelings of self-discipline undergirded the facilitative effect of rituals on behavioral self-control. Finally, Experiment 5 showed that the absence of a self-control conflict eliminated the effect of rituals on behavior, demonstrating that rituals affect behavioral self-control specifically because they alter responses to self-control conflicts.

Keywords

Behavior; Perception; Personal Characteristics; Health

Citation

Tian, D. A., J. Schroeder, G. Haubl, J. Risen, M. I. Norton, and F. Gino. "Enacting Rituals to Improve Self-control." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 114, no. 6 (June 2018): 851–876.
  • Find it at Harvard
  • Read Now

About The Authors

Michael I. Norton

Negotiation, Organizations & Markets
→More Publications

Francesca Gino

Negotiation, Organizations & Markets
→More Publications

More from the Authors

    • December 2020
    • Faculty Research

    Pal’s Sudden Service—Scaling an Organizational Model to Drive Growth

    By: Francesca Gino, Gary P. Pisano and Alexander Rohe
    • December 2020
    • Faculty Research

    Scaling Well by Doing Good: Motivating Talent at b.good

    By: Francesca Gino, Gary P. Pisano and Alexander Rohe
    • December 2020
    • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

    Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus

    By: F. Gino, T. Casciaro and M. Kouchaki
More from the Authors
  • Pal’s Sudden Service—Scaling an Organizational Model to Drive Growth By: Francesca Gino, Gary P. Pisano and Alexander Rohe
  • Scaling Well by Doing Good: Motivating Talent at b.good By: Francesca Gino, Gary P. Pisano and Alexander Rohe
  • Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus By: F. Gino, T. Casciaro and M. Kouchaki
ǁ
Campus Map
Harvard Business School
Soldiers Field
Boston, MA 02163
→Map & Directions
→More Contact Information
  • Make a Gift
  • Site Map
  • Jobs
  • Harvard University
  • Trademarks
  • Policies
  • Digital Accessibility
Copyright © President & Fellows of Harvard College