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• Article | American Economic Review: Insights

  Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents

  David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano and Pian Shu

  Manufacturing accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The competitive shock to this sector emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U.S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure intensifies competitive pressure, reducing sales, profitability, and R&D expenditure at U.S. firms. Accounting for confounding sectoral patenting trends, we find that U.S. patent production declines in sectors facing greater import competition. This adverse effect is larger among initially less profitable and less capital-intensive firms.

  Keywords: Patents; Production; Trade; Competition; Innovation and Invention; United States;

  Citation:

  Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano, and Pian Shu. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 357–374.  View Details

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• Background Note | HBS Case Collection | September 2019 (Revised June 2020)

  African American Inequality in the United States

  Janice H. Hammond, A. Kamau Massey and Mayra G. Garza

  This note describes how historical and on-going policies and practices that discriminate against African Americans led to present-day inequality. Topics include slavery, segregation, Jim Crow laws, “black codes,” and policies and practices relating to criminal justice, housing, and education.

  Keywords: African Americans; justice; slavery; discrimination; Race; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Policy; History; United States;

  Citation:

  Hammond, Janice H., A. Kamau Massey, and Mayra G. Garza. "African American Inequality in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 620-046, September 2019. (Revised June 2020.)  View Details

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• Article | Harvard Business Review Digital Articles | May 6, 2020

  We Shouldn't Wait for a Breakthrough in the Covid-19 Pandemic

  Gary P. Pisano

  The ultimate solutions to the Covid-19 crisis may be big breakthroughs in building massive test and trace capacity and developing vaccines and drug remedies. But in the meantime, we should not ignore the potential cumulative impact of the many small things we already know how to do or might try that together could make a big dent in the current crisis. Big problems typically get tackled through a series of small solutions, each of which on its own may not seem particularly important but that together can have a huge impact. Creating and implementing a “small steps” strategy, however, will require strong leadership.

  Keywords: COVID-19; Health Pandemics; Strategy; Leadership;

  Citation:

  Pisano, Gary P. "We Shouldn't Wait for a Breakthrough in the Covid-19 Pandemic." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 6, 2020).  View Details

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