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• Working Paper | HBS Working Paper Series | 2020

  Work Values Shape the Relationship Between Stress and (Un)Happiness

  George Ward, Hanne Collins, Michael I. Norton and Ashley V. Whillans

  While global wealth has risen over the past few decades, this has not translated into a less stressful life for most people. In fact, stress has risen for people worldwide. Across six studies— including large-scale survey data from over 150 countries—we show that the typically observed negative association between stress and unhappiness depends critically on the value that people place on work. Using various measures of work values—including individual and area-level historical Protestantism, peer-group working hours, and self-reported measures—we show that the strength of the negative impact of stress on subjective well-being depends upon the extent to which individuals, societies, and cultures more broadly value productive work as a good in itself. These findings emphasize the importance of the “psychological fit” between actions and values in shaping subjective well-being. Using large-scale time-use data, we show that the moderating role of work values can be largely explained by the extent to which these values shape how enjoyable leisure activities are, rather than how they affect people’s experience of work-related activities themselves.

  Keywords: workplace; work culture; stress; happiness;

  Citation:

  Ward, George, Hanne Collins, Michael I. Norton, and Ashley V. Whillans. "Work Values Shape the Relationship Between Stress and (Un)Happiness." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-044, September 2020.  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | October 2018 (Revised September 2020)

  Testing Autonomy in Pittsburgh

  Mitchell Weiss and Brittany Urick

  Pittsburgh’s mayor had been among the first to welcome self-driving vehicles but was now one of many needing to react after a pedestrian fatality involving an autonomous Uber in Arizona. He had originally preferred to roll out “the red carpet” instead of the “red tape.” Now he found himself needing to balance technological advancement and the city’s economic trajectory against public health and safety concerns and, simply, citizens’ fears. Post-Arizona, should he allow AV firms to double down on experimentation? When it came to testing new technology, how safe was safe enough?

  Keywords: public entrepreneurship; government innovation; government experimentation; autonomous vehicles; mayor; mayor peduto; cities; mobility; automation; Uber; argo ai; aurora innovation; aptiv; Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Innovation and Invention; Transportation; City; Safety; Business and Government Relations; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry; United States; Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh;

  Citation:

  Weiss, Mitchell, and Brittany Urick. "Testing Autonomy in Pittsburgh." Harvard Business School Case 819-059, October 2018. (Revised September 2020.)  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | September 2019 (Revised September 2020)

  SOFWERX: Innovation at U.S. Special Operations Command (Abridged)

  Herman Leonard, Mitch Weiss, Jin Hyun Paik and Kerry Herman

  Citation:

  Leonard, Herman, Mitch Weiss, Jin Hyun Paik, and Kerry Herman. "SOFWERX: Innovation at U.S. Special Operations Command (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 820-047, September 2019. (Revised September 2020.)  View Details

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