Attitudes Toward Women and the Experience of Leadership

R. J. Ely

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Chapter | Women's Careers: Pathways and Pitfalls | 1989

Attitudes Toward Women and the Experience of Leadership

by R. J. Ely

Keywords: Leadership; Attitudes; Gender; Experience and Expertise;

Format: Print

Citation:

Ely, R. J. "Attitudes Toward Women and the Experience of Leadership." In Women's Careers: Pathways and Pitfalls, edited by L. Larwood and S. Rose. New York: Praeger, 1989.

About the Author

Robin J. Ely

Diane Doerge Wilson Professor of Business Administration

Organizational Behavior

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Article | Harvard Business Review

Beating the Odds: Leadership Lessons from Senior African-American Women

Laura Morgan Roberts, Anthony Mayo, Robin Ely and David Thomas

Any list of top CEOs reveals a stunning lack of diversity. Among the leaders of Fortune 500 companies, for example, just 32 are women, three are African-American, and not one is an African-American woman. What’s going on? The authors studied the careers of the roughly 2,300 alumni of African descent who have graduated from Harvard Business School since its founding, focusing on the 67 African-American women who have attained top positions in corporations or professional services firms. These women thrived, they found, because of three characteristics that are key to resilience: emotional intelligence, authenticity, and agility. The women were adept at reading interpersonal dynamics and managing their own reactions; crafting their identities; and transforming obstacles into opportunities. Beyond personal strengths, the authors say, another factor was critical: nurturing relationships with mentors who recognized the women’s talent and made it their business to support them. The insights gleaned are important not just for African-Americans and women; they’re essential for any manager who recognizes that an organization’s diversity is its strength.

Keywords: Leadership; Diversity; Race; Gender; Personal Characteristics; Relationships; Success;

Citation:
Roberts, Laura Morgan, Anthony Mayo, Robin Ely, and David Thomas. "Beating the Odds: Leadership Lessons from Senior African-American Women." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 126–131. View Details

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Working Paper | HBS Working Paper Series | 2016

Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense against the 24/7 Work Culture

Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid

It is widely accepted that the conflict women experience between family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is partial at best: men, too, experience work-family conflict and nevertheless advance; moreover, mitigating the conflict through flexible work policies has done little to improve women’s advancement prospects and often hurts them. Drawing on an in-depth case study of a professional service firm, we offer two connected explanations for the work-family narrative’s persistence. We first present data suggesting that this belief has become a “hegemonic narrative”—a pervasive, status-quo-preserving story that is uncontested, even in the face of countervailing evidence. We then take a systems psychodynamic perspective to show how organizations use this narrative and attendant policies and practices as an unconscious “social defense” to help employees fend off anxieties raised by a 24/7 work culture. Due to the social defense, two beliefs remain unchallenged—the necessity of long work hours and the inescapability of women’s stalled advancement. The result is that women’s thin representation at senior levels remains in place.

Keywords: 24/7 work culture; hegemonic narrative; social defense; work-family conflict; systems psychodynamic theory; Equality and Inequality; Organizations; Gender;

Citation:
Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense against the 24/7 Work Culture." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-038, October 2016. View Details

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Exercise | August 2016

Mapping Identity

Mitch Weiss, Robin J. Ely and Janice H. Hammond

The "Identity Map" exercise is designed to enable students to describe various aspects of themselves in a simple, graphical form.

Keywords: social identity; diversity; Identity Maps; Diversity;

Citation:
Weiss, Mitch, Robin J. Ely, and Janice H. Hammond. "Mapping Identity." Harvard Business School Exercise 817-017, August 2016. View Details

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Attitudes Toward Women and the Experience of Leadership

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