Publications
Publications
- 2013
- Journal of Economic Geography
Local Industrial Structures and Female Entrepreneurship in India
By: Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Stephen O'Connell
Abstract
We analyze the spatial determinants of female entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. We focus on the presence of incumbent female-owned businesses and their role in promoting higher subsequent female entrepreneurship relative to male entrepreneurship. We find evidence of agglomeration economies in both sectors, where higher female ownership among incumbent businesses within a district-industry predicts a greater share of subsequent entrepreneurs will be female. Moreover, higher female ownership of local businesses in related industries (e.g., those sharing similar labor needs, industries related via input-output markets) predict greater relative female entry rates even after controlling for the focal district-industry's conditions. The core patterns hold when using local industrial conditions in 1994 to instrument for incumbent conditions in 2000–2005. The results highlight that the traits of business owners in incumbent industrial structures influence the types of entrepreneurs supported.
Keywords
Citation
Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Stephen O'Connell. "Local Industrial Structures and Female Entrepreneurship in India." Journal of Economic Geography 13, no. 6 (November 2013): 929–964. (Winner of the FPD Academy Award for Best World Bank Research in Finance and Private Sector Development.)