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• Case | HBS Case Collection | February 2018 (Revised August 2019)

  Amazon's HQ2 (A)

  Karen Mills and Jan W. Rivkin

  In September 2017, the Internet giant Amazon announced that it aimed to open a second headquarters in some city other than Seattle, its current home base. By 2032, the company projected, this “HQ2” would be home to as many as 50,000 high-paying tech jobs and up to $5 billion of investment. The company invited North American cities to submit proposals to be the site of HQ2. The announcement set off a flurry of activity across the continent as civic leaders scrambled to prepare proposals by Amazon’s deadline. The case allows students to debate what companies should ask of cities and what cities should ask of companies.

  Keywords: economic development; headquarters; local government; incentives; Business Headquarters; Business and Government Relations; Development Economics;

  Citation:

  Mills, Karen, and Jan W. Rivkin. "Amazon's HQ2 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 718-494, February 2018. (Revised August 2019.)  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | July 2019

  AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

  William R. Kerr, Joseph B. Fuller and Carl Kreitzberg

  By the late 2000s, rapid changes in the telecommunications industry forced AT&T’s management team to take on a task that CEO Randall Stephenson called the “biggest logistical challenge” they had ever seen: retraining 100,000 workers by 2020. In 2012, internal company analyses found that AT&T’s workforce would lack the skills it needed to fulfill emerging job requirements. AT&T responded by creating “Workforce 2020,” a company-wide initiative that sought to address potential skill shortfalls. The initiative aimed to transform AT&T’s workforce by implementing multiple changes, such as redesigning job roles, developing new educational curricula with Udacity, and incentivizing employees to retrain themselves for high-demand careers. Some gave high praise to the “Workforce 2020” model, going so far as to call it a new “social contract” between employers and employees. Others worried that the new program was systematically disadvantaging specific groups of workers. In 2018, AT&T rebranded Workforce 2020 to “Future Ready,” signaling the company’s commitment to retraining its workforce beyond 2020.

  Keywords: AT＆T; workforce; skills; future of work; telecommunications; Unions; technological change; layoffs; MOOCS; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Competency and Skills; Labor; Learning; Labor Unions; Technology Adoption; Talent and Talent Management; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States;

  Citation:

  Kerr, William R., Joseph B. Fuller, and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Case 820-017, July 2019.  View Details

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• Article | Work, Employment and Society | June 2019

  Learning From Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes

  Kathleen L. McGinn, Mayra Ruiz Castro and Elizabeth Long Lingo

  Analyses relying on two international surveys from over 100,000 men and women across 29 countries explore the relationship between maternal employment and adult daughters’ and sons’ employment and domestic outcomes. In the employment sphere, adult daughters, but not sons, of employed mothers are more likely to be employed and, if employed, are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility, work more hours and earn higher incomes than their peers whose mothers were not employed. In the domestic sphere, sons raised by employed mothers spend more time caring for family members and daughters spend less time on housework. Analyses provide evidence for two mechanisms: gender attitudes and social learning. Finally, findings show contextual influences at the family and societal levels: family-of-origin social class moderates effects of maternal employment and childhood exposure to female employment within society can substitute for the influence of maternal employment on daughters and reinforce its influence on sons.

  Keywords: female labor force participation; gender attitudes; household labor; maternal employment; Social Class; social learning theory; Social mobility; Employment; Gender; Attitudes; Household; Labor; Learning; Outcome or Result;

  Citation:

  McGinn, Kathleen L., Mayra Ruiz Castro, and Elizabeth Long Lingo. "Learning From Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 3 (June 2019): 374–400.  View Details

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