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  • May 2009
  • Article
  • American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings

The Empirical Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation: Puzzles and Clues

By: Josh Lerner
  • Format:Print
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Abstract

Economists have long seen the patent system as a crucial lever through which policymakers affect the speed and nature of innovation in the economy. It is not surprising, then, that the profound changes which have roiled the global patent system over the past 20 years are attracting increasing attention from the economics profession. A critical question relates to the impact of these shifts: to what extent do they really affect the pace of innovative discovery and diffusion? Much of the theoretical economics literature, such as Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro (1990), has assumed an unambiguous relationship between the strength of patent protection and the rate of innovation. This assumption has been relaxed in a line of work on sequential innovation, beginning with Suzanne Scotchmer and Jerry Green (1990). This research addresses this question by examining the impact of major patent policy shifts in 60 nations over the past 150 years. I examine the changes in patent applications by residents of the nation undertaking the policy change. While I tabulate domestic filings by residents and non-residents alike, confounding factors may influence this measure. Thus, I also examine filings made by residents of the nation undertaking the policy change in a nation with a relatively constant patent policy, Great Britain.

Keywords

Economy; Policy; Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property; Rights; Business and Government Relations

Citation

Lerner, Josh. "The Empirical Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation: Puzzles and Clues." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 99, no. 2 (May 2009): 343–348. (Earlier version distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 8977.)
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About The Author

Josh Lerner

Entrepreneurial Management
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More from the Author
  • The Diffusion of New Technologies By: Aakash Kalyani, Marcela Carvalho, Nicholas Bloom, Tarek Hassan, Josh Lerner and Ahmed Tahoun
  • Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation By: Kyle Herkenhoff, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo and Benjamin Sampson
  • Impact Investing and Worker Outcomes By: Josh Lerner, Markus Lithell and Gordon M. Phillips
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