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Publications
Publications
  • 2007
  • Working Paper
  • HBS Working Paper Series

Dynamics of Platform Competition: Exploring the Role of Installed Base, Platform Quality and Consumer Expectations

By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
  • Format:Print
  • | Language:English
  • | Pages:48
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Abstract

This paper seeks to answer three questions. First, which drives the success of a platform, installed base, platform quality or consumer expectations? Second, when does a monopoly emerge in a platform-based market? Finally, when is a platform-based market socially efficient? We analyze a dynamic model where an entrant with superior quality competes with an incumbent platform, and examine long-run market outcomes. We find that the answers to these questions depend critically on two parameters: the strength of indirect network effects and consumers' discount factor of future applications. In addition, contrary to the popular belief that indirect network effects protect incumbents and are the source of market inefficiency, we find that under certain conditions, indirect network effects could enhance entrants' quality advantage and market outcomes hence could be more efficient with stronger indirect network effects. We empirically examine the competition between the Xbox and PlayStation 2 consoles. We find that Xbox has a small quality advantage over PlayStation 2. In addition, the strength of indirect network effects and consumers' discount factor in this market are within the range in which platform success is driven by quality advantage and the market is potentially efficient. Counterfactual experiments suggest that PlayStation 2 could have driven Xbox out of the market had the strength of indirect network effects more than doubled or had consumers' discount factor increased by fifty percent.

Keywords

Price; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Monopoly; Quality; Competitive Advantage; Digital Platforms

Citation

Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Dynamics of Platform Competition: Exploring the Role of Installed Base, Platform Quality and Consumer Expectations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-031, November 2007.
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About The Authors

Feng Zhu

Technology and Operations Management
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Marco Iansiti

Technology and Operations Management
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More from the Authors
  • Toward a Better Understanding of Open Ecosystems: Implications for Policymakers By: Feng Zhu and Carmelo Cennamo
  • Fantuan By: Feng Zhu and David Lane
  • Marketplace Scalability and Strategic Use of Platform Investment By: Jin Li, Gary Pisano, Richard Xu and Feng Zhu
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