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• Case | HBS Case Collection | June 2016 (Revised March 2018)

  Numenta: Inventing and (or) Commercializing AI

  David B. Yoffie, Liz Kind and David Ben Shimol

  In March 2016, Donna Dubinsky (co-founder and CEO) and Jeff Hawkins (co-founder) were struggling with a key question: Could Numenta be successful in both creating fundamental technology and building a commercial business? Located in Redwood City, CA, Numenta was founded in 2005 to expand Hawkins' research on the human brain, with the goal of "reverse engineering the neocortex" and then creating machines based on biological principals. Ultimately, Hawkins believed that Numenta could be a catalyst in creating intelligent machines that would lay the foundation for the next generation of computing with potentially broad ranging commercial opportunities.

  Keywords: artificial intelligence; machine intelligence; Machine learning; strategy; technological innovation; Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Information; Technological Innovation; Research; Research and Development; Technology; Software; Technology Adoption; Technology Platform; Commercialization;

  Citation:

  Yoffie, David B., Liz Kind, and David Ben Shimol. "Numenta: Inventing and (or) Commercializing AI." Harvard Business School Case 716-469, June 2016. (Revised March 2018.)  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | February 2018

  Aetna and the Transformation of Health Care

  Rebecca M. Henderson, Russell Eisenstat and Matthew Preble

  Mark Bertolini, chairman and CEO of the health insurer Aetna, faces a number of questions as he seeks to transform Aetna from a classic insurance company into a business that will engage much more deeply with its members around their personal health goals. His strategy depends on Aetna’s ability to facilitate behavioral changes amongst its members to live healthier lives and requires very significant investments in digital capabilities and on-the-ground community-orientated health care resources. Will it work? Can he implement it? The case explores both the strategic issues inherent in this potential transformation and the organizational and leadership questions that it raises. Bertolini is a highly purpose-driven leader, and the case allows for a rich discussion of the degree to which this changes both his strategic and his organizational options.

  Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; Transformation; Behavior; Leading Change; Strategy; Insurance Industry; Health Industry; United States; Connecticut;

  Citation:

  Henderson, Rebecca M., Russell Eisenstat, and Matthew Preble. "Aetna and the Transformation of Health Care." Harvard Business School Case 318-048, February 2018.  View Details

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• Background Note | HBS Case Collection | October 2016 (Revised January 2018)

  Climate Change in 2018: Implications for Business

  Rebecca M. Henderson, Sophus A. Reinert, Polina Dekhtyar and Amram Migdal

  This note provides general information about climate change and its implications for business. Included is an overview of climate change science and a number of its impacts, including rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and extreme weather, pressure on water and food, political and security risks, human health risks, and impact on wildlife and ecosystems. Next, responses to climate change are outlined, including improvements in energy efficiency, moving away from fossil fuels, changes in land use and agriculture practices, and geoengineering. The note concludes with the debate over how much should be spent to mitigate and adapt to climate change, who should pay, and the implications for the private sector.

  Keywords: climate change; Environmental Accounting; Agribusiness; Economic Growth; Energy Conservation; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; National Security; Government Legislation; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Natural Disasters; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollution and Pollutants; Science-Based Business; Weather and Climate Change; Society; Technology;

  Citation:

  Henderson, Rebecca M., Sophus A. Reinert, Polina Dekhtyar, and Amram Migdal. "Climate Change in 2018: Implications for Business." Harvard Business School Background Note 317-032, October 2016. (Revised January 2018.) (Click here for a complimentary copy on the Business & Environment Initiative’s site.)  View Details

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