Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Definitions and Examples

Sandra J. Sucher

Compilation | November 2002

Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Definitions and Examples

Abstract

Introduces four principles of biomedical ethics, excerpted from Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress (Oxford University Press, 2001). The principles provide a conceptual framework for the analysis and resolution of moral problems encountered in the clinical delivery of health care, medical research, and the distribution of health care resources. The four principles are: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence ("doing no harm"), beneficence, and justice.

Keywords: Framework; Moral Sensibility; Health Care and Treatment; Distribution; Problems and Challenges; Research; Emotions; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry;

Format: Print

5 pages

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Citation:

Sucher, Sandra J. "Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Definitions and Examples." Harvard Business School Compilation 603-079, November 2002.

Article | Harvard Business Review | May–June 2018

Layoffs That Don't Break Your Company: Better Approaches to Workforce Transition

Sandra J. Sucher and Shalene Gupta

Today layoffs have become companies’ default response to the challenges created by advances in technology and global competition. Yet research shows that job cuts rarely help senior leaders achieve their goals. Too often, they’re done for short-term gain, but the cost savings are overshadowed by bad publicity, loss of knowledge, weakened engagement, higher voluntary turnover, and lower innovation, which hurt profits in the long run. This article looks at better ways to handle changing workforce needs that make sparing use of staff reductions and ensure that if they do happen, the process feels fair and the affected parties have a soft landing. Most successful approaches begin with a philosophy that spells out a firm’s commitments and priorities, establish methods for exploring layoff alternatives (such as furloughs, retraining, and reassignments), and determine options for three scenarios: a healthy present, short-term volatility, and an uncertain future. As firms like AT&T, Michelin, Honeywell, and Nokia have learned, thoughtful planning helps organizations address workforce transitions and cope with a shifting economic landscape far better than layoffs do.

Keywords: Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Employees; Transition; Strategic Planning;

Citation:

Sucher, Sandra J., and Shalene Gupta. "Layoffs That Don't Break Your Company: Better Approaches to Workforce Transition." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 122–129. View Details

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Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Definitions and Examples

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