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Publications
Publications
  • May 2007
  • Article
  • Journal of Financial Economics

Corporate Financing Decisions When Investors Take the Path of Least Resistance

By: Malcolm Baker, Joshua Coval and Jeremy Stein
  • Format:Print
  • | Pages:33
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Abstract

We explore the consequences for corporate financial policy that arise when investors exhibit inertial behavior. One implication of investor inertia is that, all else equal, a firm pursuing a strategy of equity-financed growth will prefer a stock-for-stock merger to greenfield investment financed with an SEO. With a merger, acquirer stock is placed in the hands of investors, who, because of inertia, do not resell it all on the open market. If there is downward-sloping demand for acquirer shares, this leads to less price pressure than an SEO, and cheaper equity financing as a result. We develop a simple model to illustrate this idea, and present supporting empirical evidence. Both individual and institutional investors tend to hang on to shares granted them in mergers, with this tendency being much stronger for individuals. Consistent with the model and with this cross-sectional pattern in inertia, acquirers targeting firms with high institutional ownership experience more negative announcement effects and greater announcement volume. Moreover, the results are strongest when the overlap in target and acquirer institutional ownership is low and when the demand curve for the acquirer's shares appears to be steep.

Keywords

Behavior; Investment; Policy; Corporate Finance

Citation

Baker, Malcolm, Joshua Coval, and Jeremy Stein. "Corporate Financing Decisions When Investors Take the Path of Least Resistance." Journal of Financial Economics 84, no. 2 (May 2007): 266–298.
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About The Authors

Malcolm P. Baker

Finance
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Joshua D. Coval

Finance
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More from the Authors
  • Leverage and the Beta Anomaly By: Malcolm Baker, Mathias F. Hoeyer and Jeffrey Wurgler
  • Financing the Response to Climate Change: The Pricing and Ownership of U.S. Green Bonds By: Malcolm Baker, Daniel Bergstresser, George Serafeim and Jeffrey Wurgler
  • A Quantity-Driven Theory of Term Premia and Exchange Rates By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein and Adi Sunderam
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