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• Background Note | HBS Case Collection | September 2015 (Revised March 2018)

  Note on Human Behavior: Situation versus Character

  Nitin Nohria, Sandra J. Sucher, Joseph Badaracco and Bridget Gurtler

  When we think of human behavior, especially from a moral perspective, we often rely on explanations based on character. We think that good decisions and responsible behavior require people with integrity and strong character and that immoral behavior originates within people with little integrity and weak character. However, important research in recent decades strongly suggests that situational factors often dominate character in ethical decision making—for leaders and for members of their organizations. This note summarizes the recent research, shows its implications for the basic steps in ethical decision making, and provides a basis for in-depth discussion of the character-versus-situation question.

  Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Ethics; Behavior; Personal Characteristics; Power and Influence; Situation or Environment;

  Citation:

  Nohria, Nitin, Sandra J. Sucher, Joseph Badaracco, and Bridget Gurtler. "Note on Human Behavior: Situation versus Character." Harvard Business School Background Note 316-078, September 2015. (Revised March 2018.)  View Details

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• Article | Harvard Business Review

  Beating the Odds: Leadership Lessons from Senior African-American Women

  Laura Morgan Roberts, Anthony Mayo, Robin Ely and David Thomas

  Any list of top CEOs reveals a stunning lack of diversity. Among the leaders of Fortune 500 companies, for example, just 32 are women, three are African-American, and not one is an African-American woman. What’s going on? The authors studied the careers of the roughly 2,300 alumni of African descent who have graduated from Harvard Business School since its founding, focusing on the 67 African-American women who have attained top positions in corporations or professional services firms. These women thrived, they found, because of three characteristics that are key to resilience: emotional intelligence, authenticity, and agility. The women were adept at reading interpersonal dynamics and managing their own reactions; crafting their identities; and transforming obstacles into opportunities. Beyond personal strengths, the authors say, another factor was critical: nurturing relationships with mentors who recognized the women’s talent and made it their business to support them. The insights gleaned are important not just for African-Americans and women; they’re essential for any manager who recognizes that an organization’s diversity is its strength.

  Keywords: Leadership; Diversity; Race; Gender; Personal Characteristics; Relationships; Success;

  Citation:

  Roberts, Laura Morgan, Anthony Mayo, Robin Ely, and David Thomas. "Beating the Odds: Leadership Lessons from Senior African-American Women." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 126–131.  View Details

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• Case | HBS Case Collection | January 2018

  Mary Barra, CEO, General Motors

  Nitin Nohria, Kerry Herman and Sarah Gulick

  Library case detailing the career of Mary Barra, GM’s CEO from January 2014, and her handling of the GM ignitions scandal, GM’s move into electric and autonomous car development, and activist investors.

  Keywords: CEO; female ceo; Automobiles; Leadership; Crisis Management; Auto Industry; Michigan;

  Citation:

  Nohria, Nitin, Kerry Herman, and Sarah Gulick. "Mary Barra, CEO, General Motors." Harvard Business School Case 418-042, January 2018.  View Details

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