Some Effects on Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women

R. M. Kanter

Article | American Journal of Sociology | March 1977

Some Effects on Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women

by R. M. Kanter

Keywords: Groups and Teams; Gender;

Format: Print

26 pages

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Kanter, R. M. "Some Effects on Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women." American Journal of Sociology 82 (March 1977): 965–90. (Reprintings include: Representative Bureaucracy, edited by J. Dolan and D. Rosenbloom. M.E. Sharpe, 2002; Readings in Sociology, edited by R. Curtis. Kendall-Hunt Publishing, 1988; Women and Symbolic Interaction, edited by M.J. Deegan and M. Hill. N.Y.: Allen Unwin, 1986; The Gender Gap and Psychotherapy, edited by E. Carmen and P. Ricker. N.Y.: Plenum, 1984; The Substance of Social Deviance, edited by R.A. Farrell and V.L. Swigert. Alfred Publishing, 1978; Sociological Inventory, Vol. 1, 1979; Reader in Complex Organizations, edited by A. Etzioni and E.W. Lehman. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1980; Sociology: Contemporary Introductory Readings, edited by J. And A. Stimson. Ithaca, N.Y.: Peacock, 1983.)

Chinese appliance company Haier's 2016 acquisition of iconic GE Appliances ushered in strategic and structural changes to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship at the U.S. company, and to help it grow. Haier, which had a model designed to bring the company closer to users of its products, wanted GEA to adopt a version of the model that suited the U.S. market, U.S. consumers, and GEA's employees. This case describes GEA's efforts to do that as a member of the Haier Group. Teaching Note for HBS No. 319-044.

Chinese appliance company Haier's 2016 acquisition of iconic GE Appliances (GEA) ushered in strategic and structural changes to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship at the U.S. company and to help it grow. Haier, which had a model designed to bring the company closer to users of its products, wanted GEA to adopt a version of the model that suited the U.S. market, U.S. consumers, and GEA's employees. This case describes GEA's efforts to do that as a member of the Haier Group.

This teaching note assists in the classroom instruction of the HBS No. 318-089, “City Year at 30: Toward Long-Term Impact.” It offers to instructors a case summary and analysis, along with student preparation questions and a guide for classroom discussion of the case. The teaching note helps explain teaching objectives of the case, including lessons on how to manage the growth and evolution of not-for-profit social enterprises and how to pursue even bigger societal change.

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Some Effects on Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women

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