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- HBS Book
The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI
By: Jeffrey J. BussgangLeverage AI to be a 10x Founder. Today’s most successful founders know that the startups that learn the fastest will win. In The Experimentation Machine, I reveal how AI is transforming the way startups find product-market fit and scale. Applying timeless methods and cutting-edge tools, I will show you how to turn your startup into an AI-powered experimentation machine—learning faster and building smarter with leaner teams. Join the new class of ‘10x Founders’ who are building valuable companies faster than ever.

- HBS Book
The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI
By: Jeffrey J. BussgangLeverage AI to be a 10x Founder. Today’s most successful founders know that the startups that learn the fastest will win. In The Experimentation Machine, I reveal how AI is transforming the way startups find product-market fit and scale. Applying timeless methods and cutting-edge tools, I will show you how to turn your startup into an AI-powered...
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- Journal of Accounting Research 63, no. 5 (December 2025): 1953–1993.
Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell and Jiehang YuThe importance of culture as an informal management control system is increasingly acknowledged in academia. While prior research mainly focuses on the value of culture on internal stakeholders (e.g., employees), we examine whether culture serves as a credible signal in building trust with external stakeholders (i.e., customers). We focus on one important aspect of culture, teamwork, and leverage a company’s proprietary data of a natural field experiment that generates exogenous variation in team composition.
- Journal of Accounting Research 63, no. 5 (December 2025): 1953–1993.
Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell and Jiehang YuThe importance of culture as an informal management control system is increasingly acknowledged in academia. While prior research mainly focuses on the value of culture on internal stakeholders (e.g., employees), we examine whether culture serves as a credible signal in building trust with external stakeholders (i.e., customers). We focus on one...
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- Academy of Management Journal 68, no. 6 (December 2025): 1328–1354.
Diversity Incentives Can Increase Women’s Aspirations to Lead
By: Erika L. Kirgios and Edward H. ChangTo boost diversity, organizations are increasingly using “diversity incentives,” or payouts for managers or executives dependent on progress toward a specific diversity goal. Diversity incentives can affect both actors—managers incentivized to meet the goal—and targets—marginalized group members who are the focus of the incentivized goal. Whereas the effects of incentives on actors are well documented, it is unclear how targets will be affected. We examine how gender diversity incentives affect women’s aspirations to lead. On one hand, diversity incentives may generate identity threat and concerns about backlash among women; on the other, they may be viewed as costly signals of organizational support for women’s leadership aspirations.
- Academy of Management Journal 68, no. 6 (December 2025): 1328–1354.
Diversity Incentives Can Increase Women’s Aspirations to Lead
By: Erika L. Kirgios and Edward H. ChangTo boost diversity, organizations are increasingly using “diversity incentives,” or payouts for managers or executives dependent on progress toward a specific diversity goal. Diversity incentives can affect both actors—managers incentivized to meet the goal—and targets—marginalized group members who are the focus of the incentivized goal. Whereas...
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- Featured Case
Bombardier: The Rise of the Phoenix
By: Raffaella Sadun and Maisie Wiltshire-GordonIn 2025, Montréal-based Bombardier was at a crossroads. After creating industry-transforming products, first in the recreational products industry and then in rail transportation, commercial aircraft, business jets, and more, Bombardier had faced industry downturns and capital-intensive product development that brought the company to the brink of bankruptcy. A series of turnarounds, culminating in Éric Martel’s leadership as CEO beginning in 2020, had vastly reduced the company’s debt and narrowed its focus to business jets. Five years later, Martel had to decide how to fuel Bombardier’s next phase of growth: should they focus on strengthening their advantage in business jets, or pursue new opportunities in aftermarket services and defense contracts?
- Featured Case
Bombardier: The Rise of the Phoenix
By: Raffaella Sadun and Maisie Wiltshire-GordonIn 2025, Montréal-based Bombardier was at a crossroads. After creating industry-transforming products, first in the recreational products industry and then in rail transportation, commercial aircraft, business jets, and more, Bombardier had faced industry downturns and capital-intensive product development that brought the company to the brink of...
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- Featured Case
The Acquired Podcast: Scaling the Mic
By: Shane Greenstein, Susan Pinckney and Kerry HermanIn 2025, business podcast Acquired evaluated its success to date while determining if, and how, it should change its well-established and revenue-generating processes to continue to scale. The podcast had doubled its audience year-over-year since its founding. The hosts controlled all portions of its operations, but they lacked indefinite capacity. They needed to determine a way forward.
- Featured Case
The Acquired Podcast: Scaling the Mic
By: Shane Greenstein, Susan Pinckney and Kerry HermanIn 2025, business podcast Acquired evaluated its success to date while determining if, and how, it should change its well-established and revenue-generating processes to continue to scale. The podcast had doubled its audience year-over-year since its founding. The hosts controlled all portions of its operations, but they lacked indefinite...
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- HBS Working Paper
Catalyzing Academic Systems Change: Opening Doors for Climate Finance Researchers and Educators
By: Peter TufanoClimate finance is a new and rapidly expanding academic field within the broader discipline of financial economics. This piece describes a systems change intervention intended to catalyze the development of this field using a research-led theory of change. We forged a collaboration among more than 150 universities and government institutions to offer researchers a doorway to the new field in the form of a global doctoral reading group, the Financial Economics of Climate and Sustainability (FECS). FECS covered the key research findings with 24-hours of hybrid programming, delivered to over 2000 researchers over its first three years.
- HBS Working Paper
Catalyzing Academic Systems Change: Opening Doors for Climate Finance Researchers and Educators
By: Peter TufanoClimate finance is a new and rapidly expanding academic field within the broader discipline of financial economics. This piece describes a systems change intervention intended to catalyze the development of this field using a research-led theory of change. We forged a collaboration among more than 150 universities and government institutions to...
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- Working Paper
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Panel Data
By: Retsef Levi, Elisabeth Paulson, Georgia Perakis and Emily ZhangWe address a core problem in causal inference: estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using panel data with general treatment patterns. Many existing methods either do not utilize the potential underlying structure in panel data or have limitations in the allowable treatment patterns. In this work, we propose and evaluate a new method that first partitions observations into disjoint clusters with similar treatment effects using a regression tree, and then leverages the (assumed) low-rank structure of the panel data to estimate the average treatment effect for each cluster.
- Working Paper
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Panel Data
By: Retsef Levi, Elisabeth Paulson, Georgia Perakis and Emily ZhangWe address a core problem in causal inference: estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using panel data with general treatment patterns. Many existing methods either do not utilize the potential underlying structure in panel data or have limitations in the allowable treatment patterns. In this work, we propose and evaluate a new method that...
Initiatives & Projects
Social Enterprise
Seminars & Conferences
Recent Publications
Nuwa Capital: Investing During Uncertainty
- October 2026 |
- Teaching Plan |
- Faculty Research
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Panel Data
- 2024 |
- Working Paper |
- Faculty Research
Marketing at the Speed of Culture
- January–February 2026 |
- Article |
- Harvard Business Review
Customer-Facing Technologies and Banks’ Macroeconomic Information Production
- 2026 |
- Working Paper |
- Faculty Research
Baskin-Robbins Japan (A)
- January 2026 |
- Case |
- Faculty Research
'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings
- January 2026 |
- Teaching Note |
- Faculty Research
The Push to Save The Great Salt Lake
- January 2026 |
- Case |
- Faculty Research