Speaker(s):   J. Bradley Morrison (MIT Sloan) -- Recruiting Talk
Title:                  You Can't Get There From Here: Tipping Points and the Transition Problem in
                        Organizational Change


Abstract

Sustaining organizational change efforts is difficult. Change processes tend to run out of energy and momentum. As a window through which to view change, I conducted extensive fieldwork at manufacturer adopting the practices of lean manufacturing and the Toyota Production System (TPS), widely-recognized as a superior production technology yet rarely if ever successfully imitated by other firms. In the talk, I develop a grounded theory that explains how situated human interactions account for the observed trajectory of organizational behavior, a successful start and subsequent fizzle. I apply a feedback lens to closely examine how people do the work of process improvement and identify a set of mechanisms capable of generating the patterns of organizing that result. I find that workers were actively involved in generating ideas, but the work of implementing those ideas placed demands on key support personnel such as manufacturing engineers. As the support personnel quickly become overwhelmed and modified their work practices to address the mounting workload, the change process evolved and so did the content of the changes it produced. I use a mathematical model and simulation analysis to demonstrate that the feedback structure accounts for a start and fizzle pattern over time. Simulation analysis also identifies a tipping point beyond which the organization transitions to a regime of lasting change. I conclude by interpreting the simulations as characteristic of the transition problem in organizational change: imitating the current practices of other successful firms is not sufficient to navigate the dynamics of learning and adoption inherent in an organizational transition.