Decades of such decision-making across multiple industries have led to massive outsourcing of manufacturing and left U.S. industry, thereby limiting the capability to invent or manufacture the next generation of high-tech products that are key to growing the economy, as noted by Gary Pisano and Willy Shih in their classic article, Restoring American Competitiveness. For instance, Amazon’s Kindle couldn’t be made in the U.S., even if Amazon wanted to.

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