Global Reach. Global Knowledge.

2009

Global Capital and National Institutions: Crisis and Choice in the International Financial Architecture

Alfaro, Laura
October 2009

All managers face a business environment in which international and macroeconomic phenomena matter. International capital flows can significantly affect countries' development efforts and provide clear investment opportunities for businesses. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the world witnessed an explosion in capital flows at the global level. Gross foreign assets and liabilities stood at two or three times GDP for many countries, as compared to just two decades ago. This explosive growth, especially in emerging markets, has been fueled both by changes in world politics (e.g., the end of the Cold War, collapse of the Soviet Union, shifting political climate in China, and political changes in Latin America and Asia) and advances in technology. Private capital flows-debt finance, equity capital, and foreign direct investment (FDI)-became larger than current and past official capital flows. This new era of foreign capital mobility has also been characterized by low interest rates in industrial countries, growing external imbalances in the U.S. economy, and the rise of China, all of which posed new challenges to policy management. In 2009, the global economy remained mired in a deep crisis following the subprime meltdown in the U.S. The situation was also a true testimony of how intertwined individual economies had become over the years. The effect of policies to deal with the ongoing global crisis and new policy choices remain to be seen. Understanding these phenomena-the determinants of capital flows, the effects of foreign capital on host countries, the impact of exchange-rate movements, and the genesis of financial and currency crises-is a crucial aspect to making informed managerial decisions. The cases in this book have been designed to give students an appreciation of the critical role of institutions and policies in affecting patterns of international capital flows and the abilities of government to manage them effectively. The case studies are tied together by two broad themes: (1) the determinants and effects of international capital, and (2) policy-makers' management of these flows. The cases approach these themes by exploring institutional detail in deep local context. The cases expose students to recent key events that have shaped the way economists think about these subjects. The events covered have a clear global perspective as the cases are set in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America, as well as the United States. The cases also cover events that occurred during the last three decades as not only do they affect the business environment that managers face today but they also hold important lessons. An important feature the cases reveal is the cyclical nature of international capital flows. Global Capital and National Institutions: Crisis and Choice in the International Financial Architecture is composed of three intellectual segments: (1) Determinants and Effects of International Capital Flows, (2) Policies and Strategies for Harnessing the Benefits of Financial Globalization, and (3) Challenges and Policies of Large Economies. Chapter I presents a detailed overview of the cases and readings in the module and relates the cases included to the main patterns of international capital flows in the last thirty years. Finally, the chapter also presents the key insights from the field of international economics covered in the cases as well as the current state of debate among policy-makers.

New Perspectives on Regulation (pdf)

Moss, David A., and John Cisternino, eds
September 2009

Cambridge, Mass.: The Tobin Project, 2009.

The Principles of Embedded Liberalism: Social Legitimacy and Global Capitalism

Book Chapter in The New Perspectives on Regulation, edited by David A. Moss and John Cisternino, 151-162

Abdelal, Rawi, and John G. Ruggie
September 2009

Cambridge, Mass.: The Tobin Project, 2009.

Government as Risk Manager

Book Chapter in The New Perspectives on Regulation, edited by David A. Moss and John Cisternino, 87-109.

Baker, Tom, and David Moss
September 2009

Cambridge, Mass.: The Tobin Project, 2009.

SuperCorp: How Vanguard Companies Create Innovation, Profits, Growth, and Social Good

Kanter, Rosabeth M.
September 2009

Supercorp is based on a 3-year study involving more than 350 interviews in 20 countries to identify the leadership practices and operating methods of major companies seeking profitable growth through innovation that benefits society. For example, when the tsunami and earthquake struck India in 2006, IBM did not just write a check. It used its core competence-expertise in technology-and its skilled people to accomplish what government and relief agencies could not: an information system and supply chain that tracked and managed the flow of relief supplies. Its efforts were crucial in avoiding the all-too-familiar problem in disaster relief-chaos and mobs of desperate people. IBM's actions, as well as many others reported on by Rosabeth Moss Kanter, capture the emerging zeitgeist of business: the vanguard company simultaneously pursuing-and creating synergy between-opportunity, growth, profit, humanistic values, and social good. Vanguard companies have a sense of mission enabling them to deliver what their customers want in a way that is significantly better than the competition. As a formula for the future, it brings together the necessity of financial success shareholders demand and the social conscience demanded from the new generation moving up the corporate ranks.

New York: Crown, 2009

Company Strategy: Business Model Reconfiguration for Innovation and Internationalization

Book Chapter in Competitiveness in Catalonia: Looking Ahead-A Report of the Center SP-SP at IESE Business School

Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Joan E. Ricart
September 2009

University of Navarra, 2009

Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World

Ferguson, Niall
March 2009

Niall Ferguson traces the historical evolution of the financial system, from its origins in ancient Mesopotamia to the latest upheavals on what he calls "Planet Finance." In doing so, he reveals financial history as the essential backstory behind all history, from the civilization of the Renaissance to the origins of the French Revolution. Ferguson elucidates key financial institutions and concepts by showing where they came from. What is money? What do banks do? What's the difference between a stock and a bond? Why buy insurance or real estate? And how exactly do hedge funds make (and lose) money? This is history for the present, providing an invaluable long-term perspective on the current global "descent of money."

Facts and Fallacies about U.S. FDI in China

Book Chapter in China's Growing Role in World Trade

Branstetter, Lee, and C. Fritz Foley
March 2009

Despite the rapid expansion of U.S.-China trade ties, the increase in U.S. FDI in China, and the expanding amount of economic research exploring these developments, a number of misconceptions distort the popular understanding of U.S. multinationals in China. In this paper, we seek to correct four common misunderstandings by providing a statistical portrait of several aspects of U.S. affiliate activity in the country and placing this activity in its appropriate economic context.

Are Licensing Markets Local? An Analysis of the Geography of Vertical Licensing Agreements

Book Chapter in Bio-Pharmaceuticals in Location of Biopharmaceutical Activity

Alcácer, Juan, John Cantwell, and Michelle Gittelman
March 2009

As the value chain of the pharmaceutical industry disaggregates, upstream discovery is increasingly carried out by small research-specialized firms while downstream development, testing, and marketing is conducted by global pharmaceutical firms. Licensing plays an important role in this emerging division of labor. Alcácer and his co-authors theorize that, similar to markets for upstream inputs such as scientific knowledge, proximity also may matter for licensing, which they conceptualize as downstream end markets for small biotechnology firms. They examine whether co-location affects the likelihood of vertical licensing transactions between biotechnology firms and global pharmaceutical firms. Discussions with industry executives indicate that large firms search globally for in-licensing opportunities and that licensing transactions should not be sensitive to the geographic locations of the transacting parties. However, an analysis of compounds developed by small biotechnology firms licensed to global pharmaceutical firms suggests that licensing transactions are more likely to occur between firms located in the same geographic area. The results point to the possibility that licensing markets are sensitive to the proximity of the partners and that despite global search processes by multinationals in the pharmaceutical industry, licensing markets are localized.

Entrepreneurship and the History of Globalization

Jones, Geoffrey G., and R. Daniel Wadhwani
February 2009

In this article, we build on the recent efforts of scholars to reintroduce entrepreneurship into the research agenda of business historians. We examine the value and limitations of adapting recent social scientific theories and methods on entrepreneurship to research on international business history. Specifically, we focus on three recent areas of social scientific work on entrepreneurship and weigh their value to business history research. First, we consider how scholars can employ research on entrepreneurial cognition to understand the historical ownership advantages of multinational firms. Second, we draw on concepts from entrepreneurial strategy and finance and examine their use in understanding the history of how firms allocated resources to uncertain international ventures. Finally, we look at the question of the diffusion of the benefits of globalization and its impact on entrepreneurship within host economies. We conclude that the cautious adoption of some of these recent conceptual developments offers fertile opportunities for further research in international business history.

The Act of Accumulation: Essays in Honor of Gyorgy Kover

Platform Rules: Multi-Sided Platforms As Regulators

Boudreau, Kevin J., and Andrei Hagiu
February 2009

This chapter provides a basic conceptual framework for interpreting non-price instruments used by multi-sided platforms (MSPs) by analogizing MSPs as "private regulators" who regulate access to and interactions around the platform. We present evidence on Facebook, TopCoder, Roppongi Hills, and Harvard Business School to document the "regulatory" role played by MSPs. We find MSPs use nuanced combinations of legal, technological, informational, and other instruments (including price-setting) to implement desired outcomes. Non-price instruments were very much at the core of MSP strategies.

Platforms, Markets and Innovation

On Competition

Porter, Michael E.
January 2009

For the past two decades, Michael Porter's work has towered over the field of competitive strategy. On Competition, Updated and Expanded Edition brings together more than a dozen of Porter's landmark articles from the Harvard Business Review. Five are new to this edition, including the 2008 update to his classic "The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy," as well as new work on health care, philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, and CEO leadership. This collection captures Porter's unique ability to bridge theory and practice. Each of the articles has not only shaped thinking, but also redefined the work of practitioners in its respective field. In an insightful new introduction, Porter relates each article to the whole of his thinking about competition and value creation and traces how that thinking has deepened over time. This collection is organized by topic, allowing the reader easy access to the wide range of Porter's work. Parts I and II present the frameworks for which Porter is best known-frameworks that address how companies, as well as nations and regions, gain and sustain competitive advantage. Part III shows how strategic thinking can address society's most pressing challenges, from environmental sustainability to improving health-care delivery. Part IV explores how both nonprofits and corporations can create value for society more effectively by applying strategy principles to philanthropy. Part V explores the link between strategy and leadership.

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2008

Gates: The Right Place at the Right Time

Koehn, Nancy F.
December 2008

Bill Gates is more than the world's most successful capitalist; he's also the world's biggest philanthropist. Gates has approached philanthropy the same way he revolutionized computer software: with a fierce ambition to change the rules of the game. That's why at the 2008 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Gates advocated a creative capitalism in which big corporations, the distinguishing feature of the modern global economy, integrate doing good into their way of doing business. This controversial new idea is discussed and debated by the more than forty contributors to this book, among them three Nobel laureates and two former U.S. cabinet secretaries. Edited by author and columnist Michael Kinsley, Creative Capitalism started as a first-of-its-kind online conversation that brought together some of the world's best minds to engage Gates's challenge. From Warren Buffett, who seconds Gates's analysis, to Lawrence Summers, who worries about the consequences of multiple corporate objectives, the essays cover a broad spectrum of opinion. Judge Richard Posner dismisses Gates's proposal as trumped-up charity that will sap the strengths of the profit-maximizing corporation, while journalist Martin Wolf maintains that the maximization of profit is far from universally accepted, and rightly so. Chicago Nobel laureate Gary Becker wonders whether altruistic companies can survive in a competitive economy, while Columbia Nobel laureate Edmund Phelps argues that a little altruism might be the right prescription for a variety of market imperfections. Creative Capitalism is not just a book for philanthropists. It's a book that challenges the conventional wisdom about our economic system, a road map for the new global economy that is emerging as capitalism adapts itself once again to a changing world.

Simon & Schuster, 2008: Creative Capitalism: A Conversation with Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, and Other Economic Leaders

Third World Multinationals: A Look Back

Wells, Louis T., Jr.
November 2008

Moving to a New Global Competitiveness Index (pdf),
in The Global Competitiveness Report 2008/2009

Porter, Michael E., Mercedes Delgado-Garcia, Christian H.M. Ketels, and Scott Stern
October 2008

Geneva: World Economic Forum (WEF), 2008

China and the World:
Internationalization, Internalization, Externalization

Kirby, William C., and Dayong Niu
September 2008

Beijing: Hebei People's Press, 2007

Business Market Management:
Understanding, Creating, and Delivering Value

Anderson, James C., James A. Narus, and Das Narayandas
August 2008

For business-to-business marketing courses. The authors build the book around a framework of understanding, creating, and delivering value.

3rd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008

Learning in Environmental Policymaking and Implementation

Book Chapter in
Strategic Environmental Assessment for Policies: An Instrument for Good Governance, edited by Kulsum Ahmed and Ernesto Sanchez-Triana.

Ebrahim, Alnoor S.
May 2008

This paper explores how "learning" occurs in the context of environmental policy formulation and implementation. Rather than viewing policy learning as a rational and technocratic process, the emphasis here is on the political and institutional contexts within which opportunities for policy learning emerge. In particular, opportunities for policy learning are examined with respect to: a) agenda or priority-setting on environmental issues; b) stakeholder access and representation in policy formulation; and c) accountability in implementation. Examples are drawn from the experiences of South Africa and Brazil. Several preliminary factors are identified that may enhance policy learning, while acknowledging the constraints of bounded rationality and relationships of power.

Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2008

Southeast Asia and the Political Economy of Development

Book Chapter in
Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis, edited by Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater and Tuong Vu.

Abrami, Regina M. and Richard Doner
April 2008

This chapter assesses the contribution of contemporary qualitative research on Southeast Asia to the field of political economy. Specifically, we examine Southeast Asia research on the origins of economic institutions and their influence on economic performance. We show how similar institutions vary in their impact and are influenced by local contexts. After providing a critical review of Southeast Asia-related research on the political economy of development, the chapter identifies how social and political institutions shaped the region's market-based economies, the origins of these institutional arrangements, and the origins and impact of institutions from the less-studied post-socialist economies, especially Vietnam.

Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, forthcoming

Merchants to Multinationals

Jones, Geoffrey G.
April 2008

Merchants to Multinationals examines the evolution of multinational trading companies from the eighteenth century to the present day. During the Industrial Revolution, British merchants established overseas branches which became major trade intermediaries and subsequently engaged in foreign direct investment. Complex multinational business groups emerged controlling large investments in natural resources, processing, and services in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. This edition has been specially revised for the Greek market, reflecting the historical importance of merchants within the Greek business system.

Athens: Alexandria Publications, 2008, Greek ed

Capitalism, Democracy and Development

Scott, Bruce R.
March 2008

This book looks at the emergence of capitalism and democracy as systems of economic and political governance and considers how these two systems may be both mutually supportive and antagonistic. In mapping out the balance between capitalism and democracy, the book includes chapters on the theory and history of these systems that challenge the assumption that their spread will bring about a convergence of incomes either among countries or within them. Inequalities of income and power emerge as a major societal issue alongside poverty, and the book develops alternative societal models based upon the degree of inequality in wealth and power. Since 1980, Anglo-American style capitalism has been a cause of increased inequality in a number of rich countries and threatens to duplicate itself in many developing countries. The book argues that the increasing integration of markets (globalization) will not solve these problems of inequality, they require political solutions. The EU attempts one such solution, but it is not clear whether it will remain competitively viable. Meanwhile, increasing inequality is causing two serious problems for democratic societies: a move to the left and/or political instability in many developing countries and a rising tide of immigrants seeking to move from poor countries to rich.

Springer Verlag, forthcoming

Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy

Book Chapter in Handbook of International Political Economy , edited by Mark Blyth.

Abdelal, Rawi
March 2008

This Handbook gives an overview of the range and scope of International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship by mapping the different regional schools of IPE and noting the distinctive way IPE is practiced and conceptualized around the world. The Handbook examines, in a series of introductory chapters written by leading figures in each region, the evolution of IPE in the US, Canada, the UK, Asia, and Australia. These introductory chapters map out the contending approaches and key concerns that exist within each regional school. In each regional section, following the introductory chapter, chapters tackling key areas of IPE scholarship such as trade and development, finance, and global governance/globalization follow. Each chapter will be written by an established scholar and will showcase the particular approach(es) highlighted in the region-specific introduction.

London: Routledge, forthcoming

Beyond Dependence:
Conceptualizing Information and Accountability in NGO-Funder Relations

Book Chapter in Reconceptualising NGOs and Their Roles in Development: NGOs, Civil Society and the International Aid System, edited by Paul Opoku-Mensah, David Lewis, and Terje Tvedt, pp. 119-159.

Ebrahim, Alnoor S.
February 2008

This paper explores the linkages between information systems and accountability in nongovernmental and nonprofit organizations (NGOs). The information systems in four NGOs are introduced: two Indian NGOs engaged in natural resource management and rural development, an education-focused nonprofit in urban Washington, D.C., and a rights-based transnational organization operating in over thirty countries. Despite the differences among these NGOs, they all face closely related challenges in developing information and accountability systems. The cases suggest that, for information systems to be useful for purposes of long-term social change, NGOs require indicators that are manageable in number and meaningful in content, information systems and technologies that are reflective of mission and values, and regular opportunities for innovation. Sometimes, such systems are simple and flexible, rather than rigorous or sophisticated. The second part of the paper challenges conventional characterizations of NGOs as being dependent on donors for money. It argues that there is an "interdependence" in which funders rely on NGOs for information that builds their reputations. This interdependence provides an opening for NGOs to challenge the nature of reporting and accountability to their donors. Finally, the third part of the paper explores how this interdependence affects the accountability priorities of NGOs and, in so doing, offers conceptual links between information and accountability.

Aalborg, Denmark: Aalborg University, 2007

Globalization

Book chapter in The Oxford Handbook of Business History,
edited by Jones, Geoffrey G. and Jonathan Zeitlin.

Jones, Geoffrey G.
February 2008

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008

The Oxford Handbook of Business History

Edited by Jones, Geoffrey G. and Jonathan Zeitlin

February 2008

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008

The Evolution of Financial Services

Edited by Ferguson, Niall

February 2008

New York: Oliver Wyman, 2008

Microeconomic Determinants of Location Competitiveness for MNEs

Book Chapter in
Foreign Direct Investments, Location and Competitiveness. Vol. 2, edited by John Dunning and Philippe Gugler.

Ketels, Christian H.M.
February 2008

The concept of microeconomic competitiveness based on the frameworks developed by Michael Porter since 1990 are popular with policy makers interested in improving the attractiveness and economic performance of their countries and regions. This concept also has many important implications for multinational businesses, a notion that has been initially discussed at the end of the 1990s. This chapter revisits the linkages between the two areas, focusing on the more recent learnings about microeconomic competitiveness and their implications for multinational companies. It lays out different dimensions of locational competitiveness and discusses their structural differences in terms of how they affect companies and how they can be affected by government. It finds that locational competitiveness is becoming an increasingly strategic question for both locations and companies: Locations need to choose their role in the global economy in terms of activities and value provided, and excel in the specific set of microeconomic dimensions that support this particular positioning. Companies need to choose locations that provide the specific assets and capabilities that are best placed to strengthen their own strategic positioning on the market place. The chapter also points out that the locational agenda for companies has broadened: they need to focus not just on choosing the right location, but on developing their strategies to leverage the locations in which they are present and on investing in those aspects of the microeconomic environment in their locations that are most critical to their own strategic position.

Progress in International Business Research. Oxford: Elsevier, 2007

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2007

Entrepreneurship and Global Capitalism

Jones, Geoffrey G. and Rohit Daniel Wadhwani
December 2007

This set of insightful papers demonstrates the importance of historical perspectives in the study of entrepreneurship. By exploring the role of entrepreneurship in the history of global capitalism, these volumes show that historical knowledge can challenge widely accepted generalizations made about entrepreneurship. The selected articles cover the best historical research on the role of entrepreneurship in creating global capitalism; the cultural and institutional explanations for geographical and temporal variations in entrepreneurship; the deep historical origins of 'born global' companies; the importance of networks and diaspora in new international market development; the key role of public policy in shaping cross-border entrepreneurial activity; and the impact of international entrepreneurship on local economies. This comprehensive collection will be of great interest to scholars of entrepreneurship, international business and business history.

Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar, Inc., 2007

Governance in the Global Information Economy

Book Chapter in
Managing Global Information Technology: Strategies and Challenges, edited by Prashant Palvia, Shailendra Palvia and Albert L. Harris

McFarlan, F. Warren
October 2007

In the early 21st century, IT has become more important than ever. Technology evolution, the creation of new channels to global resource pools, increased corporate operational dependence on IT, and enhanced application opportunities have combined to drive this topic much higher on many companies' agendas. Different companies are impacted in different ways. Embedded in this chapter are two analytical frameworks often used by managers to understand this different impact; namely, the strategic grid and technological learning. Some aspects of IT have remained unchanged over a 40-year period. These include the constant emergence of new technologies, the obsolescence of technical skills, and the need for strong leadership. For many firms, however, this technology now has a much deeper impact on the transformation of their operations than could have been conceived several decades ago. The chapter successively describes how Otis, World Bank, COSCO and Cathay Pacific have each been utterly transformed by IT.

Marietta, Ga.: Ivy League Publishing, Limited, 2007

Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India are Reshaping Their Futures and Yours

Khanna, Tarun
September 2007

China and India, occupied by a third of the world's population, are undergoing social and economic revolutions that are capturing the best minds and money of Western business. This book presents a new view of development, centered around entrepreneurial behavior by both public and private sectors. The author charts China's and India's trajectories of development-where they overlap and complement each other, and where they diverge and compete with one another. There are opportunities for Western companies to participate in this development. This book should serve as an excellent beginning of that participation. Through a series of intriguing comparisons, Khanna probes the salient, practical differences between China and India in such areas as information and transparency, the roles of capital and talent, public and private property rights, social constraints on market forces, attitudes toward expatriates abroad and foreigners at home, entrepreneurial and corporate opportunities, and the importance of urban and rural communities. The differences suggest how these two countries will develop further, how their paths will cross and diverge, what they can learn from and contribute to each other, and, ultimately, how they will reshape the world around them in terms of business, politics, and society at large.

HBS Press publication expected January 2008

Microfinance: Business, Profitability, and the Creation of Social Value

Book chapter in Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value, edited by V. Kasturi Rangan, John A. Quelch, Gustavo Herrero, and Brooke Barton

Chu, Michael
September 2007

After thirty years of development, commercial microfinance in the developing world-the provision of financial services to low-income populations on a financially-sustainable basis-is an example with many lessons applicable to the study of business and the global poor. In recent years, there has been ample evidence, both in the literature and in capital markets, of the ability of leading microfinance institutions, particularly in Latin America and Asia, to generate superior economic returns. The issue is less clear in terms of the contribution successful microfinance makes to the reduction of global poverty. This paper seeks to address aspects of the creation of economic value and social value in microfinance, which the author believes contains insights applicable to all endeavors that seek to address the needs of the poor on a commercial basis.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2007

The Empire in One City? Liverpool's Inconvenient Imperial Past

Book chapter in Return to Imperial Trade? John Holt & Co (Liverpool) Ltd. as a Contemporary Free-Standing Company, 1945-2006

Decker, Stephanie
September 2007

John Holt & Co is one of a group of unlikely survivors from the imperial era: medium-sized firms that continue to trade between Europe and Africa and whose continued existence is only rarely commented upon. The Liverpool-based John Holt & Co with its Nigerian subsidiary John Holt PLC is an interesting case for a pilot study because the company returned in 2001 to an organizational form that is known as free-standing company in the historical literature on imperial business. These companies only had a small head office in the metropolitan country, often in major port cities or the capital, which supervised the operations in another, normally less developed, country, where all business and investment took place. Although frequently associated with imperialism, there is reason to believe that John Holt is not an isolated case of a company assuming this form. Holt and others function as intermediaries between global business, which rarely invests in small African markets and where commercial practices are often complicated, heavily based on personal contacts, and incompatible with the structures of large multinationals.

Manchester: Manchester University Press, forthcoming

The Rules of Globalization: Case Book

Abdelal, Rawi
August 2007

This is a book about the politics of the global economy - about how firms prosper by understanding those politics, or fail by misunderstanding them. Understanding the politics of globalization may once have been a luxury; it is now, for most high-level managers, simply a necessity. The book contains cases which can be used by instructors and students to build a framework of analysis that enables them to understand the challenges of international trade and investment and master the opportunities they represent. This framework is based on a systematic evaluation of the informal and formal rules that define markets for goods, services, and capital. These insightful cases allow for evaluation of: the political and economic origins of our current era of globalization and how the rules that constrain and enable firms are changing; the impact of governments' policies and which tools are available for predicting, avoiding, or even employing the long arm of the government; and the influence of informal and formal institutions on opportunities for success in international finance and trade.

Singapore: World Scientific

Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction

McCraw, Thomas K.
July 2007

Pan Am, Gimbel's, Pullman, Douglas Aircraft, Digital Equipment Corporation, British Leyland--all once as strong as dinosaurs, all now just as extinct. Destruction of businesses, fortunes, products, and careers is the price of progress toward a better material life. No one understood this bedrock economic principle better than Joseph A. Schumpeter. "Creative destruction," he said, is the driving force of capitalism. Described by John Kenneth Galbraith as "the most sophisticated conservative" of the twentieth century, Schumpeter made his mark as the prophet of incessant change. His vision was stark: Nearly all businesses fail, victims of innovation by their competitors. Businesspeople ignore this lesson at their peril--to survive, they must be entrepreneurial and think strategically. Yet in Schumpeter's view, the general prosperity produced by the "capitalist engine" far outweighs the wreckage it leaves behind. During a tumultuous life spanning two world wars, the Great Depression, and the early Cold War, Schumpeter reinvented himself many times. From boy wonder in turn-of-the-century Vienna to captivating Harvard professor, he was stalked by tragedy and haunted by the specter of his rival, John Maynard Keynes. By 1983--the centennial of the birth of both men--Forbes christened Schumpeter, not Keynes, the best navigator through the turbulent seas of globalization. Time has proved that assessment accurate. Prophet of Innovation is also the private story of a man rescued repeatedly by women who loved him and put his well-being above their own. Without them, he would likely have perished, so fierce were the conflicts between his reason and his emotions. Drawing on all of Schumpeter's writings, including many intimate diaries and letters never before used, this biography paints the full portrait of a magnetic figure who aspired to become the world's greatest economist, lover, and horseman--and admitted to failure only with the horses.

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007

The Moral Leader: Challenges, Tools, and Insights

Sucher, Sandra J.
July 2007

Successful leaders-at any level and in any arena-are inevitably presented with moral and ethical choices. This unique and innovative textbook is designed to encourage students and managers to confront those fundamental moral challenges, to develop skills in moral analysis and judgment, and to come to terms with their own definition of moral leadership and how it can be translated into action. Drawing on the inspiration of major literary and historical figures such as Machiavelli, Conrad, Shackleton and Achebe, and based upon an impressive array of literary sources, including novels, plays, history and biography, the book centers on four questions implicitly asked of all leaders:
* What is the nature of a moral challenge?
* How do people "reason morally"?
* How do leaders contend with the moral choices they face
* How is moral leadership different from leadership in general?

Routeledge 2007

Teaching the Moral Leader: A Literature-Based Leadership Course

Sucher, Sandra J.
July 2007

This book is a comprehensive, practical manual to help instructors integrate moral leadership in their own courses, drawing from the experience and resources of the Harvard Business School course "The Moral Leader", an MBA elective taken by thousands of HBS students over nearly twenty years. Through the close study of literature-novels, plays, and historical accounts-followed by rigorous classroom discussion, this innovative course encourages students to confront fundamental moral challenges, to develop skills in moral analysis and judgment, and to come to terms with their own definition of moral leadership. Using this guide's background material and detailed teaching plans, instructors will be well prepared to lead their students in the study of this vital and important subject. Featuring a website to run alongside that links the manual with the textbook and provides a wealth of extra resources, including on-line links to Harvard Business School case studies and teaching notes, this manual forms a perfect complement to The Moral Leader core text.

Routeledge 2007

The Concise Guide to Macroeconomics: What Managers, Executives, and Students Need to Know

Moss, David A.
June 2007

Now more than ever before, executives and managers need to understand their larger economic context. In The Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David Moss leverages his many years of teaching experience at Harvard Business School to lay out important macroeconomic concepts in engaging, clear, and concise terms. In a simple and intuitive way, he breaks down the ideas into "output," "money," and "expectations." In addition, Moss introduces powerful tools for interpreting the big-picture economic developments that shape events in the contemporary business arena. Detailed examples are also drawn from history to illuminate important concepts. This book is destined to become a staple in MBA courses--as well as the go-to resource for executives and managers at all levels seeking to brush up on their knowledge of macroeconomic dynamics.

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2007

The Second World War as an Economic Disaster

Book chapter in Economic Disasters of the Twentieth Century

Ferguson, Niall
June 2007

World War II was the greatest ever man-made disaster. Yet for all the damage to life and property, the war also brought to an end the deepest Depression in history. Moreover, the decades after the war witnessed more rapid economic growth than the world had ever seen, not least in the vanquished countries. This paper reassesses the economic motivations of the war's instigators; the economic arguments that prevented their being deterred from going to war; the economic reasons for their ultimate defeat; and the economic consequences of the Allied victory. False economic assumptions led the Axis powers to start the war and prevented the Western powers from effectively deterring them. Yet the economic successes of the Allied war economies ensured that the new empires created by the Axis powers did not endure for long. Two models of state-led production - the American and the Soviet - passed the test of total war. Those new models were then exported around the northern hemisphere, generating major improvements in economic performance nearly everywhere they were adopted or imposed.

Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishers, Ltd, 2007

Capital Rules: The Construction of Global Finance

Abdelal, Rawi
May 2007

The rise of global financial markets in the last decades of the twentieth century was premised on one fundamental idea: that capital ought to flow across country borders with minimal restriction and regulation. Freedom for capital movements became the new orthodoxy. In an intellectual, legal, and political history of financial globalization, Rawi Abdelal shows that this was not always the case. Transactions routinely executed by bankers, managers, and investors during the 1990s--trading foreign stocks and bonds, borrowing in foreign currencies--had been illegal in many countries only decades, and sometimes just a year or two, earlier. How and why did the world shift from an orthodoxy of free capital movements in 1914 to an orthodoxy of capital controls in 1944 and then back again by 1994? How have such standards of appropriate behavior been codified and transmitted internationally? Contrary to conventional accounts, Abdelal argues that neither the U.S. Treasury nor Wall Street bankers have preferred or promoted multilateral, liberal rules for global finance. Instead, European policy makers conceived and promoted the liberal rules that compose the international financial architecture. Whereas U.S. policy makers have tended to embrace unilateral, ad hoc globalization, French and European policy makers have promoted a rule-based, "managed" globalization. This contest over the character of globalization continues today.

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007

Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World Where Differences Still Matter

Ghemawat, Pankaj
May 2007

Why do so many global strategies fail-despite companies' powerful brands and other border-crossing advantages? Seduced by market size, the illusion of a borderless, "flat" world, and the allure of similarities, firms launch one-size-fits-all strategies. But cross-border differences are larger than we often assume, explains Pankaj Ghemawat in Redefining Global Strategy. Most economic activity-including direct investment, tourism, and communication-happens locally, not internationally. Companies must instead reckon with cross-border differences. Ghemawat shows you how-by providing tools for:
* Assessing the cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic differences between countries at the industry level and deciding which ones merit attention.
In this "semiglobalized" world, one-size-fits-all strategies don't stand a chance.
* Tracking the implications of particular border-crossing moves for your company's ability to create value.
* Creating superior performance with strategies optimized for adaptation (adjusting to differences), aggregation (overcoming differences), and arbitrage (exploiting differences), and for compound objectives.
* In-depth examples reveal how companies such as Cemex, Toyota, Procter & Gamble, Tata Consultancy Services, IBM, and GE Healthcare have adroitly managed cross-border differences-as well as how other well-known companies have failed at this challenge.

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, forthcoming

Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector

Wei-Skillern, Jane, James Austin, Herman Leonard, and Howard Stevenson
March 2007

Written for students and practitioners, this unique text, with Harvard cases, provides detailed analysis and frameworks for achieving maximum impact through social entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector enables readers to attain an in-depth understanding of the distinctive characteristics of the social enterprise context and organizations. The authors offer tools to develop the knowledge to pursue social entrepreneurship more strategically and achieve mission impact more efficiently, effectively, and sustainably.

Sage Publications, 2007

Against Desperate Peril: High Performance in Emergency Preparation and Response.

Book chapter in Communicable Crises: Prevention, Response, and Recovery in the Global Arena, edited by Deborah E. Gibbons

Leonard, Herman B.
March 2007

What accounts for whether governments will be able to provide effective responses to unfolding disaster events? How can they best be organized to respond to significant emergencies? What must they do in advance to create the capacities they will need in the face of disasters? Answering these questions requires differentiating three different types of disaster situations. Each presents a different set of challenges in both execution and planning, and yields to different forms of leadership. Each requires different skills and processes for effective performance, and therefore, requires different forms of organization, resourcing, skill-building, practice, and other preparation in advance.

IAP - Information Age Publishing, Inc., forthcoming

Health Services for the Poor in Developing Countries: Private vs. Public vs. Private & Public

Book chapter in Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value, edited by V. Kasturi Rangan, John A. Quelch, Gustavo Herrero, and Brooke Barton

Khanna, Tarun, and David M. Bloom.
February 2007

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007

Corruption and the Demand for Regulating Capitalists

Book chapter in International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, edited by Susan Rose-Ackerman

Di Tella, Rafael, and Robert MacCulloch
February 2007

Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006

Masters of Illusion: American Leadership in the Media Age

Steven Rosefielde, Mills, D. Quinn
February 2007

The United States will confront a series of fundamental challenges through the middle of the twenty-first century. Using a theory of economic systems to gauge present and future global conflicts, Steven Rosefielde and D. Quinn Mills see the challenges as posed sequentially by terrorism, Russia, China, and the European Union. In the cases of terrorism, Russia, and China, Western leaders appreciate aspects of these perils, but they are crafting unduly soft policies to deal with the challenges. The authors believe that "globalists"' notwithstanding, such views are myopic in an era where nuclear proliferation has invalidated the concept of mutually assured destruction. What America requires is a new security concept that the authors call "strategic independence" to enable keeping the peace in dangerous times and foster new generations of leaders capable of acting sanely despite a current public culture addicted to wishful thinking.

New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007

Developments in Asset Allocation Modeling

Book chapter in Global Perspectives on Investment Management: Learning from the Leaders, edited by Rodney N. Sullivan

Viceira, Luis M.
February 2007

The "traditional" approach to designing policy portfolios assumes that expected returns, risk, and real interest rates do not change over time so that short-term and long-term risk properties of asset returns are the same. Thus, target asset allocations are the same regardless of investment horizon and remain constant over time. The "modern" approach, in contrast, recognizes that expected returns, risk, and real interest rates may change over time. This view creates a wedge between the short-term and long-term risk properties of asset returns and implies that target allocations may vary with investment horizon and over time. One implication of this view is that short-term bonds may not be the "safe asset" for long-term investors.

CFA Institute, 2006

Readings in Modern Marketing

Quelch, John A.
January 2007

Readings in Modern Marketing is a collection of Quelch's highly-praised scholarly articles previously published in leading business journals, such Harvard Business Review, Sloan Management Review, Strategy and Business, and Business Horizons, in the past two decades. Topics covered include marketing and business strategy, managing product lines, pricing, managing the point of sales, global marketing, building global brands, marketing and the new technologies, marketing and society, and so forth. A fine representation of the author's sound scholarship, Readings in Modern Marketing offers important theories as well as practical, insightful tactics. It is an indispensable source of reference.

Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2006

How Countries Compete: Strategy, Structure, and Government in the Global Economy

Vietor, Richard H.K.
January 2007

As the world globalizes, countries compete for the markets, technologies, and skills needed to raise their standards of living. These strategies can make--or break--the government's efforts to drive and sustain growth. In "How Countries Compete," Richard Vietor sheds light on ways in which governments can best set direction and provide a healthy climate for a nation's economic development and profitable private enterprise. Drawing on history, economic analysis, and interviews with executives and officials around the globe, Vietor provides concentrated examinations of different approaches to government facilitation of development. Individual chapters focus on the unique social, economic, cultural, and historical forces that shape governments' approach to economic growth. Countries discussed include: China, India, Japan, Singapore, the United States, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. Vietor challenges the widespread notion that, in market-driven economies such as the United States, a strong government can only hinder business success. A provocative resource, "How Countries Compete" offers potent insights into how the business environment has evolved in crucial nations--and what its trajectory might look like in the future.

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2007

Making Foreign Investments Safe: Property Rights and National Sovereignty

Wells, Louis T.
December 2006

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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