Chapter | Papers and Proceedings of the Fourth Economic Planning Agency International Symposium | 1988

Adjustment of the U.S. and Japanese External Imbalances

Keywords: International trade; international finance;

Format: Print

Citation:

Froot, K. A. "Adjustment of the U.S. and Japanese External Imbalances." In Papers and Proceedings of the Fourth Economic Planning Agency International Symposium, edited by M. Yoshitomi, 287–304. Economic Planning Agency (Japan), 1988.

UAL is a large air transportation company with roots that go back to the 1920s. As a legacy carrier, going back to before the 1978 deregulation of air transportation markets, United Airlines is burdened with cost structures that make it difficult to compete with newer competitors. In addition, UAL has the burden of $7.6 billion in unfunded pension obligations and $2 billion in unfunded retiree health obligations. In June 2004, UAL is still operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, which began December 2002. It has needed extensions of the exclusivity period from the bankruptcy court. UAL's plan of reorganization is predicated on receiving $1.8 billion in loan guarantees from the Air Transport Stabilization Board (ATSB). But its request for loan guarantees from the ATSB was recently rejected. The company must decide what to do next and how to emerge from bankruptcy.

Kishore Karunakaran, President and COO of FFCM, faces a variety of challenges in launching an innovative investment management business in the rapidly evolving ETF space.

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